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国际碳交易市场(即碳市场)是一个由人为规定而形成的市场。碳市场最重要强制性规则之一的《京都议定书》规定了《联合国气候变化框架公约》附件——国家的量化减排指标;即在2008~2012年间其温室气体排放量在1990年的水平上平均削减5.2%。碳市场的供给方包括项目开发商、减排成本较低的排放实体、国际金融组织、碳基金、各大银行等金融机构、咨询机构、技术开发转让商等。需求方有履约买家,包括减排成本较高的排放实体;自愿买家,包括出于企业社会责任或准备履
The international carbon trading market (ie, the carbon market) is a market that is created by man. The “Kyoto Protocol”, one of the most important mandatory rules in the carbon market, sets the quantitative emission reduction targets for the countries that are Annexed to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change; that is, their GHG emissions were at 1990 levels between 2008 and 2012 The average reduction of 5.2%. The supply side of the carbon market includes project developers, emission entities with lower emission reduction costs, financial institutions such as international financial organizations, carbon funds, major banks, consulting agencies and technology transfer developers. Demand-side buyers, including emission reduction entities with higher emission reductions; Voluntary buyers, including those for corporate social responsibility or preparedness