多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是育龄女性中发病率较高的一种内分泌疾病,是排卵障碍性不孕的主要原因,其远期糖尿病、高血压等并发症发生明显早于、高于对照群体,严重影响着女性的生理和心理健康。PCOS患者中肥胖的比例超过50%,而脂肪细胞因子中的肿瘤坏死因子α在参与PCOS的肥胖、胰岛素抵抗及相关疾病的发生中起着重要作用。综述近年来研究较多的肿瘤坏死因子α及其受体在PCOS患者体内的表达情况及其对生殖系统直接或间接的影响,从而为PCOS的病因学研究及治疗方面提供新的思路。 Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a high incidence of endocrine diseases in women of childbearing age, is the main reason for ovulatory dysplasia, its long-term complications such as diabetes, hypertension and earlier, higher than the control Groups, seriously affecting the women’s physical and mental health. The prevalence of obesity in PCOS patients is over 50%. Tumor necrosis factor alpha in adipocytokines plays an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity, insulin resistance and related diseases in PCOS. This review summarizes the recent studies on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and its receptor in PCOS patients and its direct or indirect effects on the reproductive system, thus providing new ideas for the etiological research and treatment of PCOS.