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当代中国比较文学研究中存在一种强烈的欲求,就是希望建立比较文学的中国学派。实际上这是争夺文化话语权的一种策略,是对西方强势话语的反抗。建立比较文学的中国学派的最大问题在于方法的缺失,即无法找到与平行研究和影响研究相比肩的研究方法。这恰恰显示了中国学派吁求的致命伤,即根本找不到所谓中国独有的比较方法。本文将比较方法与比较观念分开,指出建立比较文学的中国学派只是一种基于民族本位情绪的比较文学观念,并不一定要有自己独特的方法,所以,我们不妨把方法问题悬置,只要是从中国当代文化出发思考问题、贴近事实,无论使用哪种方法,都可能会成为中国自己的东西。这也是提出第四种比较文学观的原因。
There is a strong desire in contemporary Chinese comparative literature research, that is, a Chinese school that hopes to establish comparative literature. In fact, this is a strategy of fighting for the power of cultural discourse and a revolt against the strong Western discourse. The biggest problem with the Chinese school of comparative literature lies in its lack of methodology, which means it can not find a research method that is comparable to parallel and influential research. This just shows the deadly wounds that the Chinese school has called for. That is, we can not find the so-called comparative method unique to China. This paper separates the comparative method from the comparative one, and points out that the Chinese school of establishing comparative literature is only a kind of comparative literature based on ethnic sentiment. It does not need to have its own unique method. Therefore, we may wish to suspend the method as long as it is Thinking from the perspective of contemporary Chinese culture, close to the fact that no matter what method is used, it may become China’s own thing. This is also why the fourth concept of comparative literature is put forward.