“性与天道”一词出自《论语·公冶长》子贡之言,虽然在《论语》中仅出现一次,但是后世学者对此却聚讼纷纭。爬梳从汉至宋对子贡之语的注疏,可显见先贤们对性与天道的诠释和追问皆有其时代特点。同时,在这历史思想演变过程中,有一个从经验层面把握性与天道到理论论证这样一个发展的轨迹。在这一思想发展的轨迹当中,一个学以致用的原则一直贯穿其中,即历代对性与天道有不同诠释的儒者都秉持着一个基本一致的治学态度和方法,就是以入世治世之实用态度来取舍、践履并实现性与天道,使天道性命落实到人世中,避免蹈入虚空,沦为空谈。由自孔子始的儒者们所具有的入世救世的态度和信念,指出儒学在古代社会发挥了重大作用。思考在现代经济社会中儒学所面临的挑战和发展走向。 The word “sex and nature” comes from the tribute words of “The Analects of Confucius and Gongye Chang”. Although it appears only once in The Analects, scholars of later generations have different opinions. Climbing from the Han to the Song Dynasty tribute to the note of the tribute, we can see the ancestors of the nature and interpretation of Heaven and have their own characteristics of the times. At the same time, during the evolution of this historical thinking, there is a trajectory of such a development from the grasp of the experience level to the demonstration of the theory. Among the tracks of the development of this thought, a principle of applying reason runs through it. That is to say, all Confucians who have different interpretations of nature and heaven in the past have upheld a basically identical attitude and method of scholarship, which is based on the practical attitude of joining WTO Trade-offs, practices and realization of nature and nature, so that the fulfillment of heavenly life to the world, to avoid into the void, reduced to empty talk. Confucianism played an important role in ancient society by the salvation attitude and conviction of the Confucians who started from Confucius. Reflections on the Challenges and Development of Confucianism in Modern Economic Society.