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针对“马克思和恩格斯低估了李斯特”论题,本文从三个方面对“李斯特经济学”进行检视,发现:第一,“李斯特经济学”的基石——生产力理论缺乏唯物论基础,也没有建构一个核心的“生产力”范畴,还把生产力本身和生产力的影响因素混为一谈;第二,在后进国家走向发展的路径选择上,李斯特的保护主义学说与新马克思主义的依附理论具有一致性,但远说不上与马克思主义的全球化理论具有一致性;第三,“李斯特经济学”没有一个标准的分析性范式、框架和纲领,其理论体系实质是由几个政策信条构成,缺乏严谨的理论支撑,甚至有为工业资产阶级辩护的成分。因此,与其说马克思和恩格斯低估了李斯特,不如说李斯特的追随者低估了马克思和恩格斯。
In view of the fact that Marx and Engels underestimated Liszt’s thesis, this paper examines the “Liszt Economics” from three aspects and finds that: First, the cornerstone of “Liszt Economics” - the theory of productivity Lacking the foundation of materialism and building a core category of “productivity,” it also conflates the productive forces themselves with the influencing factors of productive forces. Secondly, Liszt’s protectionist doctrine and the new Marxism’s theory of attachment is consistent, but it is far from consistent with the Marxist theory of globalization. Third, there is no standard analytical paradigm, framework and program in Liszt Economics, and the essence of its theoretical system Is composed of several policy creeds, lacks rigorous theoretical support, and even has a defense of the industrial bourgeoisie. Therefore, instead of undermining Marx and Engels, it is better to say that Liszt’s followers underestimated Marx and Engels.