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同情是理解休谟的情感理论和道德理论的基础,对休谟来说,同情既是人性一个强有力的原则,也是人的道德感的来源。实质上,更准确地来说,他的哲学思想中对同情的依赖和赋予同情极重要的地位是必然的:18世纪英国的“同情”语境以及英国经验主义寻求理想性经验的历史决定了休谟的哲学思想中对同情的论述和倚重;休谟在自然法语境下所担负的道德学世俗化的任务决定了他要利用同情机制来实现调和人性的基础的争论;18世纪英国情感主义者的著述作为休谟哲学思想的渊源而决定了他需要用同情机制来解决“他人的情感”问题,以建立其道德学;休谟的同情机制本身所包含的认知性,以及同情机制起着贯通情感学说与道德学说的作用,决定了休谟的《人性论》对同情机制的需要。
Compassion is the basis for understanding Hume’s emotional theory and moral theory. For Hume, compassion is not only a powerful principle of human nature but also a source of human moral feeling. In essence, and more precisely, it is inevitable that his philosophical thinking depends heavily on sympathy and empathy: the “sympathy” context of Britain in the 18th century and the history of British empiricism seeking idealistic experience Which determines the discussion and reliance on sympathy in Hume’s philosophical thinking. The task of Hume’s moral secularization under the natural law determines that he wants to use the sympathetic mechanism to reconcile the basis of human nature. The 18th century British sentiment As the origin of Hume’s philosophical thought, the author’s writings decided that he needed to use the sympathy mechanism to solve the problem of “other’s emotions ” so as to establish his ethics; the cognitive nature of Hume’s sympathy mechanism itself and the sympathy mechanism Plays the role of penetrating emotional theory and moral theory, and determines the need of sympathetic mechanism of Hume’s theory of human nature.