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刘小川、汪曾涛撰文认为,碳税是以能源产品的市场价格为基础的减排政策工具。但是,在我国多数能源产品实行政府定价的机制下,碳税的作用有限。碳税是一种庇古税,通过外部成本内部化来纠正对能源产品使用时所产生的负外部性,以体现实现能源使用的价格反映真实的社会成本,从而实现资源的优化配置。在我国,不仅外部成本没有内部化,内部成本也没有反映在价格之中。
Liu Xiaochuan, Wang Zengtao author believes that carbon tax is based on market prices of energy products, emission reduction policy tools. However, the role of carbon tax is limited under the mechanism of government pricing for most energy products in our country. Carbon tax is a Pigouvian tax which can correct the negative externality of using energy products through the internalization of external costs so as to reflect the actual social cost of realizing energy use and realize the optimal allocation of resources. In our country, not only the external cost is not internalized, the internal cost is not reflected in the price either.