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回顾了近10年来完整极性脂质化合物(IPLs)在海洋微生物研究中的应用及存在的问题,并展望了IPLs应用的发展前景。作为新的热点之一,对海洋水体悬浮颗粒物中IPLs的研究,不仅推进了人们对水柱中IPLs分布和转化的了解,同时也深化了对古环境指标TEX86适用性的认识,有助于更好地开展古环境重建研究。色谱和质谱技术的发展,新型化合物的发现以及IPLs单体碳同位素分析的应用,使得IPLs在示踪海洋环境中真核生物与微生物共生作用、微生物介导的好氧和厌氧氨氧化以及甲烷厌氧氧化作用、微生物的代谢状态等方面也取得了重要研究进展。需要注意的是,由于不同的IPLs降解速率并不一致,其中部分古菌糖脂的降解周期可能远大于微生物群落的更新周期,因此可能并不适于表征活体生物量;同时,环境中氧气含量及有机质浓度也会对IPLs的降解速率造成影响;另外,在微生物不同的生长阶段,或者微生物由于生长环境条件变化产生生理响应时,IPLs组成也可能会发生变化。因此,应用IPLs指示微生物活动和反演古环境时应注意指标的适用性。
The applications and existing problems of complete polar lipid compounds (IPLs) in marine microorganisms in recent 10 years are reviewed, and the development prospects of IPLs are prospected. As one of the new hot topics, the study of IPLs in suspended particulate matter in marine water has not only promoted the understanding of the distribution and transformation of IPLs in water column, but also deepened our understanding of the suitability of the ancient environmental indicator TEX86 and helped better To carry out ancient environmental reconstruction research. The development of chromatographic and mass spectrometry technologies, the discovery of novel compounds and the application of single carbon isotope analysis of IPLs make IPLs symbiotic with eukaryotes and microorganisms in tracing marine environments, microbial-mediated aerobic and anaerobic ammonium oxidation, and methane Anaerobic oxidation, the metabolic status of microorganisms and other aspects also made important research progress. It should be noted that because different degradation rates of IPLs are not consistent, part of the archaeal glycolipid degradation cycle may be far greater than the microbial community update cycle, and therefore may not be suitable for characterization of living biomass; the same time, the oxygen content of the environment and organic matter Concentration also affects the rate of degradation of IPLs; in addition, the composition of the IPLs may also change at different growth stages of the microorganisms, or when the microorganisms respond physiologically to changes in the environmental conditions of growth. Therefore, the application of IPLs to indicate microbial activity and retrieval of paleoenvironment should pay attention to the applicability of the indicator.