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目的 探讨带血供的尺神经深支第1骨间背侧肌支神经肌蒂转移修复拇对掌肌功能术式的可行性,为临床应用提供解剖学基础.方法 新鲜和固定上肢标本各10例,在手术显微镜下解剖观测尺神经第1骨间背侧肌支及其营养血管的分支、分布情况,据此设计带血管的第1骨间背侧肌支神经肌蒂转移修复拇对掌肌功能的手术方式.结果 尺神经深支第1骨间背侧肌支进入肌肉前分出2个分支,分别由肌肉的上下1/3处进入肌肉;远端肌支横径(1.5±0.2)mm,可无损伤分离长度为(2.8±0.3)cm.足够到达受区,其营养血管发自第1或第2掌心动脉,起始处直径为(0.8±0.3)mm.结论 带血供的尺神经第1骨间背侧肌支神经肌蒂转移修复拇指对掌肌功能的术式具有可行性,该术式实用性、有效性有待临床进一步验证.“,”Objective To provide anatomical basis for neuromuscular pedicle of the first dorsal interosseous muscle branch with blood supply transposition to renovate opponens pollicis. Methods Twenty cadaveric upper extremities (10 of formalin fixation, and 10 of fresh) were dissected. The course, diamaeter, interfascicular dissectible length of the first dorsal interosseous muscle branch were investigated under operating microscope respectively. And then, the operational approach of using neuromuscular pcdicle of the first dorsal interosseous muscle branch with blood supply to renovate the opponens pollicis were designed and executed. Results The first dorsal interosseous muscle branch of the deep branch of ulnar nerve gave off two branches. Each of them entered into the upper or lower 1/3 segment of the muscle. The diameter of the distal branch was about (1.5±0.2) mm. The uninjured dissectible length of it was (2.8±0.3)cm, which was the suitable length to reach the recipient area. The diameter of artery supplied the never branch was about (0.8±0.3) mm. Conclusions It is feasible to renovate the opponens pollicis by transferring neuromuscular pedicle of the first dorsal interosseous muscle branch with blood supply to the defects. The new neuromuscular pedicle transfer procedure provides an option for the restoration of the opponens pollicis function.