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河南地处祖国的腹地,是国家粮食的主要产区,肩负着国家粮食战略安全重任。随着全球气候变化影响加大,水资源供需矛盾已成为制约河南农业可持续发展的主要瓶颈。其根本原因是节水灌溉工程的重任投入不足,农民节水技术水平较低,节水意识淡漠,大水漫灌灌溉方式等造成水资源浪费。高效节水是指以低压管灌、喷灌、微灌等为代表的灌溉形式。文章通过对河南节水灌溉的现状、发展高效节水的可行性,提高灌溉用水的利用率和利用效益的措施等进行分析,为高效节水制度的建立,提供技术理论支撑。
Located in the hinterland of the motherland, Henan is the main producing area of the country’s grain and shoulders the heavy task of national food strategy security. As the impact of global climate change increases, the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources has become the main bottleneck restricting the sustainable development of agriculture in Henan. The root cause is the lack of investment in the key tasks of water-saving irrigation projects, the low level of farmers’ water-saving technologies, the lack of awareness of water conservation, and the flood-irrigation and flood irrigation methods that cause waste of water resources. Water-efficient means low pressure pipe irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, micro-irrigation as the representative of the irrigation form. The article analyzes the status quo of Henan water-saving irrigation, the feasibility of developing water-saving and water-saving, the utilization of irrigation water and the measures to improve the utilization efficiency, and provides technical support for the establishment of efficient water-saving system.