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俄国在18世纪进行了彼得大帝的改革。这种主要在物质层面上进行的改革延续到19世纪,引发了30年代末至50年代的西方派和斯拉夫派的大辩论。这场辩论主要涉及俄罗斯的命运、历史地位、历史使命及其应走的发展道路等重大问题,也波及到文学、哲学、宗教、艺术等各个领域。这场辩论标志着俄罗斯民族意识的觉醒,极大地推动了俄罗斯精神文化的发展,是19世纪俄罗斯文学登上世界高峰和独立的俄罗斯哲学出现的推动力。
Russia carried out the reform of Peter the Great in the eighteenth century. This largely materialist reform lasted into the 19th century, sparking a major debate between Western and Slavic groups in the late 1930s and 1950s. This debate mainly involves major issues such as Russia’s fate, historical status, historical mission and the path of development that it should take, as well as various fields of literature, philosophy, religion and arts. This debate marks the awakening of Russian national consciousness and greatly promotes the development of spiritual culture in Russia. It is the driving force behind the appearance of Russian philosophy in the 19th century, when Russian literature reached the peak of the world and independence.