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目的探讨苯接触人员外周血象的改变和主要影响因素。方法对某石化企业的672名企业职工(接触组538人,对照组134人)进行血常规检查,分析性别、工龄、年龄、接触水平等影响因素和血常规检查结果的关联。结果工作场所定点检测苯浓度合格率为94.3%,个体检测合格率为100%。接触组外周血象异常检出率为7.25%,白细胞减少的检出率为4.65%,高于对照组(χ2=8.014、4.388,P<0.05)。接苯女工红细胞异常(减少)检出率为7.21%,男工为1.41%,两者差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.524,P<0.01);接苯女工血红蛋白异常(减少)检出率为3.60%,男工为0.23%,两者差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.512,P<0.01)。接触组白细胞计数减少以及外周血象异常的检出率有随接触水平的增加而增高的趋势(趋势χ2=4.968、9.296,P<0.05)。红细胞、血红蛋白减少的主要危险因素为女性,OR值分别为5.450和15.925(P<0.05);外周血象异常的主要危险因素为高接触水平和女性,其OR值分别为4.808和3.108(P<0.05)。结论长期接触苯可导致外周血象异常;苯接触对女性的红细胞、血红蛋白损害更大。
Objective To explore the change and main influential factors of peripheral blood in benzene exposed workers. Methods A total of 672 employees (538 in the contact group and 134 in the control group) of a petrochemical enterprise were examined for blood tests, and the correlations between the influencing factors, such as sex, length of service, age and exposure level, and blood test results were analyzed. Results The fixed-point detection of benzene concentration in the workplace was 94.3% and the individual test pass rate was 100%. The detection rate of peripheral blood anomalies in the exposure group was 7.25%, the detection rate of leukopenia was 4.65%, higher than that in the control group (χ2 = 8.014, 4.388, P <0.05). The detection rate of abnormal (reduced) detection rate of red blood cells from benzene workers was 7.21% and male workers was 1.41% (χ2 = 9.524, P <0.01) 3.60%, male workers was 0.23%, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 7.512, P <0.01). There was a trend of decrease of white blood cell count and abnormal peripheral blood in contact group with the increase of contact level (trend χ2 = 4.968,9.296, P <0.05). The main risk factors of erythrocyte and hemoglobin reduction were female, with OR values of 5.450 and 15.925, respectively (P <0.05). The main risk factors of abnormal peripheral blood were high contact and female, with OR values of 4.808 and 3.108 ). Conclusion Long-term exposure to benzene can lead to peripheral blood abnormalities; benzene exposure to red blood cells in women, hemoglobin greater damage.