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本文叙述了中国科学院原子能研究所的重水反应堆启动时所作的临界试验。曾作了两类临界试验:一类与理想情形尽量接近;另一类则与实际运行情况相一致。此外还作了带“热坑”的临界试验。实验结果与理论计算在5％的误差范围内相符合,由此证实了理论计算的正确性。 根据实验结果确定,在正常水位下32根工艺管道达到临界状态,此时临界质量约为4公斤U~(235)。 测定了在工作条件下七根补偿棒的总补偿能力～0.165,安全棒的总效率～0.037,还测定了中子密度的径向非均匀系数K_r=1.38,轴向非均匀系数K_x=1.39,整个活性区体的非均匀系数K_V=1.9当温度为20°—40℃时,△K/△t=-3.3×10~4/℃。
This article describes the critical experiment at the start-up of a heavy water reactor at the Institute of Atomic Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Two types of critical tests have been made: one is as close as possible to the ideal case and the other is consistent with the actual operation. In addition, a critical test with “hot pit” was made. The experimental results agree well with the theoretical calculation within 5% of the error range, which confirms the correctness of the theoretical calculation. According to the experimental results, it is determined that at the normal water level, 32 process pipes reach the critical state, at which time the critical mass is about 4 kg U ~ (235). The total compensation capacity of seven compensation rods under operating conditions was determined to be 0.165 and the total safety rod efficiency was ~ 0.037. The radial nonuniformity coefficient K_r of the neutron density was 1.38 and the axial nonuniformity coefficient K_x was 1.39. The non-uniform coefficient of the entire active zone body K_V = 1.9 △ K / △ t = -3.3 × 10 ~ 4 / ℃ when the temperature is 20 ° -40 ℃.