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In order to study whether patients with schizophrenia have cerebral injury, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and myelin basic protein (MBP)in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 33 patients with first episode schizophrenia and 9 from the control group were determined by double antibody sandwich enzyme immunoassay method. The results showed that there was significant difference in the NSE contents between the experimental group and control group (P＜0.01). The NSE contents in CSF in the experimental group were positively correlated with MBP in schizophrenia patients (P＜0.05). These findings suggested that patients with schizophrenia had cerebral injury.