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当知识分子不得不在象牙塔和社会政治之间做出抉择时,他们或逃遁于象牙塔而失声,或困囿于社会政治而狭隘,二择一的选择始终不能为知识分子找到出路。萨义德在《知识分子论》中给出“流亡”的选择,使知识分子得以平衡。乔伊斯的小说《死者》,塑造了加布里埃尔和艾弗丝小姐两个知识分子形象。小说开始他们分别做出了二择一的选择,而文本最后,加布里埃尔获得精神顿悟后选择“流亡”。和乔伊斯一样,加布里埃尔在“流亡”中找到出路,“流亡”成为最终的归属。
When the intellectuals had to make a choice between the ivory tower and social politics, they could not find a way out for the intellectuals either by escaping from the ivory tower or by being narrow-minded and trapped in social politics. Said in the “theory of intellectuals” gives “exile ” choice, to balance the intellectuals. Joyce’s novel The Dead, shaped the image of two intellectuals, Gabriel and Miss Ivers. At the beginning of the novel, they made a choice between two choices, and at the end of the text, Gabriel chose “exile” after obtaining spiritual insight. Like Joyce, Gabriel found a way out in Exile and Exile became the ultimate attribution.