论文部分内容阅读
最近，癌症免疫治疗作为可行性的新治疗法而得到广泛青睐。免疫治疗主要分为2种类型，即被动免疫治疗和主动免疫治疗。被动免疫治疗包括单克隆抗体和（或）抗体-药物偶联物治疗；主动免疫治疗包括癌症疫苗和嵌合抗原受体T细胞（CAR-T）治疗。癌症疫苗是利用患者自身的细胞作为抗原递呈细胞，识别特异性的肿瘤抗原。CAR-T治疗是利用遗传工程改造的患者的T细胞，通过嵌合抗原受体识别肿瘤抗原。最近一些成功的案例，包括美国FDA批准的癌症免疫疗法，让各大制药公司对癌症免疫治疗研究报以强烈兴趣，如使用抗免疫检查点抑制剂单克隆抗体治疗肿瘤和针对前列腺癌的Provenge癌症疫苗，以及治疗复发或难治性急性淋巴细胞白血病的具有突破性的CAR-T免疫治疗。本综述讨论了目前肿瘤免疫学领域的最新进展以及未来的发展方向。“,”Cancer immunotherapies are recently gaining attention as viable therapeutic options. There are two types of immunotherapy:passive and active. The passive immunotherapies include several treatments such as monoclonal antibodies,either alone or as antibody-drug conjugates. The active immunotherapies include cancer vaccines which utilize the patient′s own cells as antigen presenting cells and target specific cancer antigens,and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell(CAR-T)therapy which engineers a patient′s T-cells to recognize cancer antigens through chimeric antigen receptors. Recent successes include the US FDA approval of a number of cancer immunotherapies such as treatments utilizing monoclonal antibodies against immune checkpoint inhibitors,the Provenge cancer vaccine that targets prostrate cancer,and a CAR-T against relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia that was designated with breakthrough drug status,all of which has had drug companies investigating cancer immunotherapies with intense enthusiasm. In this review we discuss where the field of immune-oncology stands today,highlight the latest findings and hypothesize future directions.