自发现FOXP2是第一个与人类语言相关的基因以来,语言障碍与基因相关性的研究已成为生物语言学的前沿热点。文章依据最新的研究文献分别从基因的发现、功能、特征及其与非词汇复诵的关联度等方面介绍与语言障碍相关的四个主要易感基因FOXP2,CNTNAP2,CMIP和ATP2C2;同时讨论了目前在研究语言障碍与这些基因相关性的过程中所面临的挑战和难题;最后对语言障碍和基因相关性研究提出了展望。 Since the discovery of FOXP2 as the first gene related to human language, the research on the relationship between language barrier and gene has become a hot frontier in biological linguistics. According to the latest research literature, the dissertation introduces the four major susceptibility genes FOXP2, CNTNAP2, CMIP and ATP2C2 related to speech disorders from the aspects of gene discovery, function, characteristics and their association with non-vocabulary recitation respectively. At the same time, At present, the challenges and difficulties in the process of studying the relationship between speech disorders and these genes are discussed. Finally, the prospect of language barriers and gene-related studies is proposed.