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中国古代数学家由生产方面的实际需要,对于体积和面积的计算都作出了很大的贡献。关于中国古代数学家在面积计算上的成就,已在“数学通报”上发表了,本文则专介绍中国古代数学家在体积计算方面的成就。中国古代的体积计算,是由于筑城、兴建水利、交换谷物等各方面生产的活动而形成的。筑城,按社会的发展来看应孩起源于奴隶社会;兴修水利和交换谷物等事项的普遍进行,要在开始农耕以后。经过长时间的和多次的实际经验,关于各种体积的计算在秦汉之际已基本上形成了。
Ancient Chinese mathematicians made a great contribution to the calculation of volume and area from the actual needs of production. The achievements of Chinese ancient mathematicians in area calculations have been published in the “Mathematical Bulletin”. This article specifically introduces the achievements of Chinese ancient mathematicians in volume calculation. The volume calculations in ancient China were formed due to various activities such as building a city, building water conservancy, and exchanging grain. The fortification of the city should be based on the development of the society and should originate from the slave society; the construction of water conservancy and the exchange of grains should be carried out after the start of farming. After long and many practical experiences, calculations of various volumes have basically taken shape at the time of the Qin and Han dynasties.