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李鸿章本为翰林出身,却以杰出的军事才能脱颖而出,通过平定太平天国起义和捻军起义,奠定了其在清廷中的政治地位。中年后他又长期坐镇畿辅,对外交涉,兴办洋务,为所谓“同光中兴”的局面宣力独多,进而被誉为“晚清第一重臣”。本文以李鸿章的仕宦生涯为研究对象,阐释其功业建树与晚清政局的密切关系,进而剖析咸同以降汉大学士职能角色的变迁。
Li Hongzhang, originally from Hanlin, came to the fore with outstanding military talent and laid the political status of the Qing court by pacifying the Taiping Rebellion and the Nian Army uprising. After his middle age, he also spent a long time in Kyushu and Fukien, negotiating with foreign countries and establishing foreign affairs for the so-called “Tongguang ZTE”. This article takes Li Hongzhang’s official career as the research object, explains its close relationship between the meritorious deeds and the political situation in the late Qing Dynasty, and then analyzes the changes of the roles and functions of the undergraduates in Xianghongzhang.