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历史上的多胞胎生产并非单纯的人口行为,在素来注重神秘影响的传统社会,其作为生育文化的特殊情况,与瑞应观念、人口政策、医理诠释、社会态度等多方面均有着密切联系。在正史记载中,它不仅作为征兆符号,在妖异与祥瑞的象征间游走,同时也是人口增殖、蕃息的体现。官方大致在宋以后逐渐制定出了持续的奖励政策;在中医层面,妇科受胎理论的发展和完善,从医疗和身体角度提供了思考一产多子的新面向;文中认为对于多胞胎的成因,医学解释和史学记述是同时并存的两个领域。最后将多胞胎生育置诸明代社会场域中,洪武以降,官方层面奖励政策逐渐形成并制度化;笔记小说中片面、偶然却又关照细节的一产多子记录是社会关注点的映照;深入到家庭生活领域,多胞胎成长经历、生活体验等拘囿于资料形式和撰文者的立场,只是偶尔被提及。
In the history, multiple births are not mere demographic behaviors. In the traditional society that always focuses on the mysterious influence, as a special case of reproductive culture, it is closely linked with Rui Ying’s concept, population policy, medical interpretation and social attitude . In the records of the official history, it not only acts as a symbol of signs but also walks between the symbols of the demon and the auspicious. It is also a manifestation of the population’s proliferation and interest. After the Song Dynasty, the government gradually developed a continuous incentive policy. At the level of TCM, the development and improvement of gynecologic conception of fetuses provided a new perspective for thinking of producing multiple births from medical and physical perspectives. In the article, , Medical explanation and historical description are two coexisting areas. In the end, multiple births were put into the social fields of the Ming Dynasty, Hongwu was reduced, and the official level rewarding policies were gradually formed and institutionalized. One-generation and multiple-child records of one-sided, incidental and carefree details in the notebook novels reflected the social concerns. Deep into the field of family life, polygamy growth experience, life experience and so restrained in the form of information and the author’s position, but occasionally be mentioned.