第一节概述裕固族是我国56个兄弟民族之一。据1990年全国第四次人口普查,裕固族共有12,297人,约百分之九十聚居在甘肃省中祁连山麓的肃北裕固族自治县,其余的居住在酒泉县。裕固族有着悠久的历史,他们与新疆的维吾尔族有共同的渊源关系。其先人在公元九世纪时从漠北南下河西走廊,建立了“甘州回鹘(亦称‘河西回鹘’)汗国”。十一世纪时,甘州回鹘汗国被西夏击溃,有数万回鹘人南迁,进入今青海一带,投奔吐蕃,继续过着游牧生活,宋史上称之为“黄头回鹘”。元时称“撒里(黄色)畏吾”,明代称“撒里畏兀儿”。明洪武年间(1368—1398),为躲避战乱,他们从嘉峪关外东迁,跋涉崎岖,进入肃南地区从事游牧;其中一小部分进入酒泉黄泥堡与汉族杂居,并逐渐以农业代替了传统的畜牧业。清代裕固族被称为“西喇古儿黄番”、“西喇古儿黑番”、“黄尧乎儿”等。解放后,1953年根据裕固族人民的意愿,统一以与“尧乎 Section I General Yugur is one of the 56 brother nations in our country. According to the 1990 national fourth census, Yugu people totaled 12,297, with about 90% living in the Subei Yugur Autonomous County in the foothills of the Qilian Mountains in Gansu Province and the rest living in Jiuquan County. The Yugur people have a long history of common origin with Uighurs in Xinjiang. His ancestors in the ninth century AD from Mobei Hexi Corridor, established a “Ganzhou Huiqi (also known as ’Hexi Huiqi’) Khanate.” In the 11th century, the Ganzhou Huihan Khanate was defeated by Xixia. Tens of thousands returned to the south and entered the present Qinghai area. It flew to Tubo and continued to live nomadic life. In the history of the Song Dynasty, it was called the “Yellow Goblet.” Yuan called “Saari (yellow) Wei Wei”, Ming Dynasty, “Sally fear Wu children.” Ming Hongwu years (1368-1398), in order to avoid the war, they moved eastward from Jiayuguan, trek into the Sunan area engaged in nomadic; a small part of them into the Jiuquan Huangni Fort and the Han nationality, and gradually to agriculture instead of the traditional Animal husbandry The Yugu people in the Qing Dynasty were called “the Yellow Fan of Xilangu”, “the ancient fan of Xilang”, “Huang Yaohuier” and so on. After the liberation, in 1953, according to the wishes of the Yugur people, they unified themselves with “Yao Yao.”