一 清光绪二十六年（１９００）春夏，中国北方爆发义和团反帝运动，俄、英、美、日、德、法、意、奥等八国组成联军进行镇压。八国联军攻陷紫禁城，大掠北京。慈禧太后携光绪皇帝仓皇出逃。第二年，清政府与英、美、俄、德、日、奥、意、法、西、荷、比等十一国签定屈辱的《辛 In the spring and summer of the second year of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1900), an anti-imperialist campaign broke out in the northern part of China and Russia, Britain, the United States, Japan, Germany, France, Italy and Austria formed a coalition force. Eight Allied Forces captured the Forbidden City, swept Beijing. Empress Dowager Cixi emperor hurriedly flee. The following year, the Qing government signed a contract of humiliation with 11 countries including Britain, the United States, Russia, Germany, Japan, Austria, Italy, France, the West, the Netherlands, and Belgium