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目的探讨孕产妇预防梅毒母婴传播知识、态度及行为差异,为制定干预措施提供参考。方法采用病例对照研究,选择某市2013-2014年梅毒孕产妇为病例组,按照条件1∶1匹配非梅毒感染孕产妇为对照组。通过问卷调查,分析两组孕产妇人群特征及预防梅毒母婴传播知识、态度与行为的差异。结果共调查孕产妇200例,其中病例组100例,对照组100例。病例组平均(28.1±5.7)岁,对照组(28.2±5.2)岁,两组年龄均数差异无统计学意义(t=-0.2,P=0.87)。两组孕产妇年龄、城乡、文化、婚姻、职业和孕次分布,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。孕产妇听说过梅毒占57.0%、选择孕前应该接受梅毒检测占52.0%、正确回答3种传播途径占33.5%、知道孕期梅毒筛查占23.0%、知道梅毒孕妇应接受治疗占24.0%、知道儿童预防性治疗和随访仅占1.0%,两组孕产妇对以上知识的掌握人数构成差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组孕产妇愿意接受产前检查和住院分娩均达100%。病例组平均初次产前检查孕周(11.3±4.1)周,对照组(11.5±5.1)周,差异无统计学意义(t=-0.2,P=0.83)。两组孕产妇孕早期、孕中期和孕晚期接受第一次产前检查和第一次梅毒检测人数构成比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对照组孕产妇选择不愿与患有梅毒的朋友或熟人交往占100%。结论梅毒孕产妇与对照孕产妇人群特征差异明显,但两组孕产妇预防梅毒母婴传播知识和行为特征趋于一致;孕产妇整体缺乏预防梅毒母婴传播相关知识;非梅毒孕产妇对感染孕产妇持有较大的否定态度。
Objective To explore the difference of knowledge, attitude and behaviors among pregnant women and mothers in prevention of maternal-to-child transmission of syphilis and provide reference for the formulation of interventions. Methods A case-control study was conducted to select maternal syphilis between 2013 and 2014 in a city as a case group. Maternal women with non-syphilis infection were matched according to the condition 1: 1 as the control group. Through questionnaire survey, we analyzed the characteristics of maternal population in the two groups and the differences of knowledge, attitude and behavior in preventing mother-to-child transmission of syphilis. Results A total of 200 pregnant women were investigated, of which 100 cases in the case group and 100 cases in the control group. The average age of patients in the case group was (28.1 ± 5.7) years and in the control group (28.2 ± 5.2) years, there was no significant difference between the two groups (t = -0.2, P = 0.87). The two groups of maternal age, urban and rural areas, culture, marriage, occupation and pregnancy times distribution, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). Pregnant women have heard of syphilis accounted for 57.0%, choose to pre-pregnancy should receive syphilis test accounted for 52.0%, 33.5% of the correct answer to the three routes of transmission, know syphilis screening during pregnancy accounted for 23.0%, know syphilis pregnant women should receive treatment accounted for 24.0% Preventive treatment and follow-up of children only accounted for 1.0%. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the number of masters of the above knowledge (P> 0.05). Two groups of pregnant women are willing to accept prenatal care and hospital delivery were up to 100%. The mean prenatal period of gestational age was 11.3 ± 4.1 weeks in the case group and 11.5 ± 5.1 weeks in the control group. The difference was not statistically significant (t = -0.2, P = 0.83). The proportions of the first antenatal examination and the first syphilis test in the first trimester, the second trimester and the third trimester of pregnant women in the two groups were not statistically different (P> 0.05). Control group of pregnant women do not want to want to be friends or acquaintances with syphilis 100%. Conclusion The characteristics of syphilis pregnant women and control pregnant women were significantly different, but the two groups of pregnant women to prevent syphilis and maternal-infant transmission of knowledge and behavioral characteristics tend to be consistent; maternal overall lack of knowledge about prevention of syphilis mother-to-child transmission; non-syphilis pregnant women infected with pregnancy Maternal hold a greater negative attitude.