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目的调查分析发生过敏性输血反应的原因,探究其处理措施,降低过敏性输血不良反应的发生。方法对本院10年住院患者发生输血过敏反应进行回顾性总结分析。结果本院76 703人输血,发生输血过敏反应93例(0.12%)。不同的血液成分中悬浮红细胞、去白悬浮红细胞、洗涤红细胞、血小板、冷沉淀以及血浆过敏反应发生率分别为0.11%、0.08%、0.00%、0.21%、0.10%、0.13%。过敏性输血反应中轻度过敏、重度过敏、休克、紫癜构成比分别为88.2%、7.5%、3.2%、1.1%;输血0次和1次以上的患者再次输血过敏反应发生率分别为0.08%、0.17%;男女输血患者过敏发生率分别为0.10%、0.15%;1例过敏性紫癜是由于患者缺乏Ig A导致的。结论血小板过敏反应发生率最高,洗涤红细胞最低;输血次数越多过敏反应发生率越高,女性输血过敏反应发生率高于男性;对过敏反应的患者,再次输血选择洗涤红细胞或洗涤血小板,慎输血浆;对检出Ig A抗体的患者,选Ig A缺乏献血者的血液。
Objective To investigate the causes of anaphylactic transfusion reactions and to explore the treatment measures to reduce the incidence of allergic transfusion adverse reactions. Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the transfusion allergy in hospitalized patients in our hospital for 10 years. Results A total of 76 703 transfusions occurred in our hospital and 93 cases (0.12%) had transfusion allergic reactions. The incidences of suspended erythrocytes, white-suspended erythrocytes, washed red blood cells, platelets, cryoprecipitate and plasma anaphylaxis in different blood components were 0.11%, 0.08%, 0.00%, 0.21%, 0.10% and 0.13%, respectively. Allergic transfusion reactions in mild allergies, severe allergies, shock, purpura constituent ratios were 88.2%, 7.5%, 3.2%, 1.1%; transfusion 0 times and more than once again in patients with transfusion allergic reactions were 0.08% , 0.17%. The incidence of allergy in male and female transfusion patients was 0.10% and 0.15% respectively. One case of allergic purpura was caused by lack of Ig A in patients. Conclusions The incidence of platelet hypersensitivity reaction is highest and the number of washed erythrocytes is the lowest. The higher the frequency of transfusion is, the higher the incidence of allergic reaction is, and the incidence of transfusion allergic reaction in female is higher than that of male. For patients with allergic reaction, red blood cells are washed again or platelet washed. Plasma; For patients with IgA antibodies, IgA-deficient blood was selected.