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地面直线真方位角的测定有两类方法,第一类用的是惯性原理,使用的仪器是陀螺经纬仪,第二类用天文测量的方法,使用普通经纬仪。本文讨论天文方法中的太阳高度法,太阳时角法和北极星任意时角法的精度。在试验资料的基础上进行了必要的精度分析,取得以下的结论:1.太阳高度法,用竖盘指标自动归零的 J_2级经纬仪,观测一组的精度为±10″;用普通 J_2级经纬仪为±18″～±36″。2.太阳时角法,用低价电子跳字手表记时,对于 J_2级经纬仪为±10″;对于 J_8级为±15″。3.北极星任意时角法,用 J_2级经纬仪和电子手表记时—测回的精度为±5″;用普通机械手表记时—测回精度为±8″～±11″。
There are two types of methods for determining the true azimuth of the straight line in the ground. The first type uses the principle of inertia, the instrument used is the gyro theodolite, the second type uses the astronomical measurement method, and the ordinary theodolite is used. This article discusses the accuracy of the solar height method, the solar hour-angle method, and the Polaris anytime method in astronomical methods. Based on the experimental data, the necessary accuracy analysis is carried out, and the following conclusions are obtained: 1. The solar altitude method uses the J_2 level theodolite with auto-zeroing of the vertical index, the accuracy of the observation group is ± 10 “ Theodolite is ± 18 ”~ ± 36“ .2. Solar angle method, using low-cost electronic jump-word watch, for J_2 level Theodolite for ± 10 ”; for J_8 level is ± 15“ .3 Polaris arbitrary hour angle Method, with J_2 level theodolite and electronic watch chronograph - measured back accuracy of ± 5 ”; with a mechanical watch chronograph - measuring accuracy of ± 8“ ~ ± 11 ”.