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目的分析我国城市无代谢性疾病老年人体格状况,借以对老年人体质指数(BMI)判定范围进行探讨。方法数据来源于中国居民营养与健康状况监测(2010-2012年)项目,对城市60岁及以上无代谢性疾病老年人进行基本情况及疾病史问卷调查、体格指标测定及评估。应用SAS 9.1.3软件进行统计学分析。结果城市无代谢性疾病老年人有效样本为3 923名,调查对象的平均年龄为(67.9±6.3)岁。老年男性平均身高、体重、BMI和腰围分别为(164.4±6.4)cm、(60.7±9.6)kg、(22.4±3.0)kg/m2和(80.0±9.1)cm。老年女性平均身高、体重、BMI和腰围分别为(153.1±6.1)cm、(54.5±9.4)kg、(23.2±3.4)kg/m2和(78.9±9.2)cm。按照《中国成人超重和肥胖症预防与控制指南》的判断标准,低体重老年人占8.1%,体重正常老年人占58.3%,27.2%老年人超重,6.4%为肥胖,不同性别、不同年龄组之间BMI分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);老年男性和女性中心性肥胖比例分别为30.1%和44.8%,腰围身高比(WHt R)≥0.5的比例分别为40.5%和59.5%,女性显著高于男性,差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为90.04、140.99,P<0.01)。结论应用现有标准判断我国城市无代谢性疾病老年人体格状况,可能会高估超重、肥胖及中心性肥胖比例,需要前瞻性研究对老年人体格指标与健康状况的关系进行分析。
Objective To analyze the physical status of elderly people without metabolic diseases in urban areas in China so as to discuss the determination range of body mass index (BMI) in the elderly. Methods Data were collected from the Chinese residents’ nutrition and health status monitoring (2010-2012). The questionnaire survey, physical measurement and assessment of the elderly and elderly without metabolic diseases aged 60 years and older in the city were conducted. SAS 9.1.3 software was used for statistical analysis. Results There were 3 923 valid samples of elderly without metabolic diseases in urban areas, and the mean age of the surveyed subjects was (67.9 ± 6.3) years old. The average height, weight, BMI and waist circumference were (164.4 ± 6.4) cm, (60.7 ± 9.6) kg, (22.4 ± 3.0) kg / m2 and (80.0 ± 9.1) cm respectively in the elderly men. The average height, weight, BMI and waist circumference of older women were (153.1 ± 6.1) cm, (54.5 ± 9.4) kg, (23.2 ± 3.4) kg / m2 and (78.9 ± 9.2) cm, respectively. According to the criteria of “Guidelines for Prevention and Control of Overweight and Obese Adults in China”, 8.1% of the elderly with low weight, 58.3% of the elderly with normal weight, 27.2% of the elderly were overweight, 6.4% were obese, of different genders, of different age groups (P <0.01). The rates of central obesity in elderly men and women were 30.1% and 44.8%, respectively, while the ratios of waist circumference (WHt) ≥0.5 were 40.5% and 59.5%, respectively Women were significantly higher than men, the differences were statistically significant (χ2 values were 90.04,140.99, P <0.01). Conclusion Judging the physical status of elderly people without metabolic diseases in our country using existing standards may overestimate the proportion of overweight, obesity and central obesity. Prospective studies are needed to analyze the relationship between the elderly and their physical health status.