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高分子流体的黏弹性质是高分子科学和工程中一个非常重要的研究领域.与简单黏性液体和弹性固体不同,外场作用下缠结高分子流体呈现出复杂的黏弹性行为,例如应力不仅仅与应变幅度或应变速率有关,还与整个形变历史相关.近半个世纪以来,人们建立了很多描述这些复杂黏弹性质的模型和理论,其中一类是基于连续性介质力学原理的唯象模型,例如:Maxwell模型、Voigt-Kelvin模型和在时空上所有参数为常量的连续性模型;另一类是瞬态网络模型,该模型把缠结点考虑成瞬态交联点,高分子链看成珠簧链;还有一类是微观分子理论,其中最著名的是“管子模型”.本文首先介绍缠结高分子流体的线性黏弹性响应和Boltzmann叠加原理的基本概念,然后,重点综述描述高分子黏弹性质仍非常有实际应用价值的3个经典唯象模型,包括Maxwell模型、Voigt-Kelvin模型和瞬态网络模型,特别是这些理论的详细推导和存在的主要问题.关于高分子黏弹性的微观理论将在其它综述中单独介绍.
The viscoelastic property of polymer fluids is a very important research field in polymer science and engineering.Different from simple viscous liquids and elastic solids, entangled polymer fluids show complicated viscoelastic behavior under the action of external field, such as stress not only Only related to strain rate or strain rate, but also related to the entire deformation history.Many people have established many models and theories describing these complex viscoelastic properties in recent half a century.One of them are the phenomenons based on continuum mechanics Models such as the Maxwell model, the Voigt-Kelvin model, and the continuity model in which all parameters are constant in space and time; the other is a transient network model that considers the tangle point as a transient cross-linking point, the polymer chain Another is the theory of microcosmic molecules, of which the most famous one is the “tube model.” This paper first introduces the basic concepts of the linear viscoelastic response of entangled polymer fluids and the Boltzmann superposition principle, and then, Three classical phenomenological models describing the properties of polymer viscoelasticity, which are still very practical, are summarized, including Maxwell model, Voigt-Kelvin model and transient network model, especially And problems detailed derivation of these theories. Microscopic Theory of polymer viscoelasticity will be described separately in further review.