结构主义源于20世纪初的现代语言学,通过不同的发展线索和阶段,成为人类学、社会学、符号学、文学/文化研究等学科的一个理论范式和20世纪最有影响的方法论。结构主义者旨在揭示人类所有行为后面潜在的结构和关系,认为只有在更大的系统或结构中思考人类文化的要素之间及其与系统结构的关系才能理解人类文化的本质。结构主义在中国由零星介绍、盲目批判到系统引进、接受、应用和发展,经历了一个漫长的过程和几个复杂的阶段,对许多人文社会科学学科领域都产生了巨大的影响。但总的来看,结构主义及结构主义文学理论在中国的引进、应用及本土文学批评和文学理论的发展还存在一些问题。 Structuralism originated from the modern linguistics of the early 20th century and became a theoretical paradigm of anthropology, sociology, semiotics, literature / cultural studies and the most influential methodology in the 20th century through different clues and stages of development. Structuralists seeks to reveal the underlying structures and relationships behind all human behavior and believes that the essence of human culture can be understood only by thinking about the elements of human culture and their relationship to the system structure in a larger system or structure. Structuralism has been greatly influenced by many humanities and social sciences in China from sporadic introduction, blind criticism to system introduction, acceptance, application and development. It has undergone a long process and several complicated stages. However, on the whole, some problems still exist in the introduction and application of structuralism and structuralist literary theory in China as well as the development of local literary criticism and literary theory.