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过去十年中,有一批学者开始研究一个国家的国内政治制度不仅受内部因素与外部环境,而且受他国的某些具体政策影响的可能性。一批新兴的研究考察了外部行为主体为改变目标国的国内制度结构可能会采取的多种政策工具的有效性。本文对相关著述进行了回顾,并得出一些结论。首先,不同方式的有效性不同:订立契约通常能够发挥作用,高压政治有时发挥作用,而强迫接受则很难发挥作用。其次,各种手段的发起国的动机十分关键:干预国必须有促使目标国制度变革的决心,采取手段才会有效。最后,目标国的条件十分关键:较高的发展水平更能促进制度变革,而精英的动机必须与外部行为主体的目标相一致。
In the past decade, a group of scholars began to study the possibility that a country’s domestic political system will not only be affected by internal factors and the external environment, but also by some specific policies in other countries. A number of emerging studies examine the effectiveness of multiple policy instruments that external actors may adopt to change the domestic institutional structure of target countries. This article reviews the relevant writings and draws some conclusions. First of all, the effectiveness of the different approaches is different: a contractual agreement usually has a role to play, high pressure politics sometimes play a role, and forced acceptance hardly work. Second, the motivation of the initiating countries for various means is crucial: the intervention state must have the determination to make changes in the regime of the target country, and the means will be effective. Finally, the conditions in the target country are crucial: a higher level of development is more likely to promote institutional change, and the motivation of the elite must be in line with the external actor’s goals.