未来气候变化预示着降雨时间和数量的变化。降雨是干旱半干旱地区最重要的水分来源,降雨格局的变化将直接影响该区域生态系统的稳定性,而土壤微生物作为敏感指标多用来监测生态系统的稳定性。文中综述了降雨对干旱半干旱地区土壤微生物生物量、多样性的直接影响,以及其通过改变土壤水分、土壤空气和植被生长等对土壤微生物产生的间接影响,其中还可能伴随着其他因素的干扰,如土地利用方式、温度、海拔等。通过了解降雨格局变化对干旱半干旱地区土壤微生物的影响,可以更好地预测未来气候变化对该地区生态稳定性的影响。指出了降雨对干旱半干旱地区土壤微生物影响研究中存在的问题,并对未来研究进行了展望。 Future climate change indicates the change of rainfall time and quantity. Rainfall is the most important source of water in arid and semi-arid regions. The change of rainfall pattern will directly affect the stability of the ecosystem in the region. However, soil microorganisms are often used as sensitive indicators to monitor the stability of ecosystems. In this paper, the direct effects of rainfall on soil microbial biomass and diversity in arid and semi-arid regions and its indirect effects on soil microbes by changing soil moisture, soil air and vegetation growth are summarized, among which may be interference with other factors , Such as land use patterns, temperature, elevation and so on. Understanding the impact of rainfall pattern changes on soil microorganisms in arid and semi-arid regions can better predict the impact of future climate change on the ecological stability in the region. The problems existing in the research on the impact of rainfall on soil microbe in arid and semiarid regions are pointed out, and the future research is prospected.