论文部分内容阅读
In 1912, after he lost his bid for reelection, William Howard Taft mused about what the country should do with its expresidents once they leave the White House.1“A dose of chloroform,” he proposed, to protect the nation“from the troublesome fear that the occupant could ever come back.”2 Today, the Twenty-Second Amendment3 limits how often a president may come back. The question concerning Barack Obama4 is not what should be done with him, but rather, what should he do with himself? For most of our history, ex-presidents who were not independently wealthy had to work—not until 1958 did Congress pass a law granting them a pension.5 George Washington6 became the country’s largest whiskey producer. John Quincy Adams won a seat in the House of Representatives and fought slavery.7 And William Howard Taft! Good thing no one took him up on the chloroform.8 Nine years after he left office, he was appointed chief justice of the Supreme Court, a position that the presidential historian Doris Kearns Goodwin says gave him “probably the happiest decade of his life.”9 At 55, Obama will be one of the youngest ex-presidents, and also—a popular one. He is in good health and could easily live for another four decades, which is a long time to be exanything.
What can he learn from Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush, who likewise walked out of the White House as vigorous middle-aged men?10
The downshift from presidency to post-presidency has bewildered quite a few former White House residents.11 Having lost in a landslide to Ronald Reagan in 1980,12 Jimmy Carter left Washington an unpopular one-term president. When he and Rosalynn returned to Plains, Georgia,13 they found the family peanut business $1 million in debt, and their house in need of repairs. The former first couple spent their first weeks back home hacking away at the overgrowth and making the house habitable.14
The chore was an apt metaphor for Carter’s predicament as, at age 56, he sought a path forward.15“He said, ‘Look, the actuarial tables16 said I’m going to live another 20 to 25 years. I want to stay productive and figure out something else I can do with myself,’” says Phil Wise, a vice president at the Carter Center17.
The particulars of a given presidency also come into play, of course.18 Did he feel satisfied with his legacy, or haunted19 by unfinished business? For his part, Carter sought to build on his greatest presidential triumph, the peace accord he brokered between Israel and Egypt at Camp David.20 To that end, he created the Carter Center, an institution from which he could act as a freelance diplomat and launch further global pursuits.21 Now, in an inevitable cruelty of midlife, his girls say they prefer sleepovers47 with friends to movies with Dad. “They break my heart,” Obama has said. He wore sunglasses to Malia’s graduation from Sidwell Friends School in June,48 so no one would see him cry. The prospect of losing his girls to adulthood, friends say, saddens him more than leaving the White House.49
1. bid: 企图,努力;William Howard Taft: 威廉·霍华德·塔夫特(1857—1930),第27任美国总统,卸任后于1921年被任命为美国首席大法官;muse: 沉思,反复思考。
2. 他提议道,“来一剂氯仿吧”,省得人民“总是担心这个人怎么又回来了”。chloroform: 氯仿,常用作麻醉剂;occupant:(工作、职位等的)占有者,占据者。
3. Twenty-Second Amendment: 美国宪法第二十二修正案,于1951年生效,主要规定了美国总统最多只能连任两届,且不能隔一个任期后再次參选。
4. Barack Obama: 贝拉克·奥巴马(1961— ),第44任美国总统,是美国第一位非裔总统。
5. grant: 给予,准予;pension: 养老金,退休金。
6. George Washington: 乔治·华盛顿(1732—1799),美国国父,第一任美国总统。在两任期满后,华盛顿拒绝竞选连任,并回到弗农山庄园,创办了当时美国最大的一家威士忌酒厂。
7. John Quincy Adams: 约翰·昆西·亚当斯(1767—1848),美国第六任总统,他在1828年竞选连任失败后被选为国会众议员,是唯一一位当选美国众议员的卸任总统;House of Representatives: 美国众议院。
8. 谢天谢地,总算没人采纳他那“来一剂氯仿”的建议。take sb. up on sth.: 接受……的建议。
9. 卸任后的第九年,他被任命为美国最高法院的首席大法官。专门研究总统史的历史学家多丽丝·卡恩斯·古德温说,在这个职位上的十年“可能是他人生中最快乐的十年”。chief justice of the Supreme Court: 美国首席大法官。
10. Jimmy Carter: 吉米·卡特(1924— ),美国第39任总统,卸任后在亚特兰大埃默里大学任名誉教授;Bill Clinton: 比尔·克林顿(1946— ),美国第42任总统,克林顿基金会主席;George W. Bush: 乔治·W. 布什(1946— ),美国第43任总统,人称小布什,以区别于其父老布什总统(第41任美国总统);vigorous: 精力充沛的,充满活力的。
11. downshift: 工作降格,改选闲适生活方式;bewilder: 使迷惑,使迷茫;resident: 住户,这里指美国总统。
12. landslide: 一边倒的胜利,(竞选中)一方选票占压倒性多数;Ronald Reagan: 罗纳德·里根(1911—2004),第40任美国总统,他的演说风格极具魅力,被誉为“伟大的沟通者”。历任总统之中,他的就职年龄最大,也是唯一一位演员出身的总统。
13. Rosalynn: 即罗萨琳·卡特(1927— ),卡特的妻子;Plains:普莱恩斯市(佐治亚州),卡特的家乡。卡特担任佐治亚州州长前,他们夫妇曾在此地种植花生,经商买卖化肥。
14. hack: 劈,砍;overgrowth:(高过头顶的)蔓生植物;habitable: 适宜居住的。
15. 用“披荆斩棘”来比喻卡特的困境再恰当不过了,因为在56岁这个年纪,他找到了一条前进的道路。chore: 令人厌烦的工作;apt: 适当的,恰当的;predicament: 困境,窘况。
16. actuarial table: 保险精算表。
17. Carter Center: 卡特中心,位于美国佐治亚州亚特兰大市,是由卡特夫妇于1982年建立的非营利性组织,主要致力于促进解决国际冲突,推动民主和人权。
18. particulars: [复] 细节,详情;given: 指定的,特定的;come into play: 有影响,发挥作用。
19. haunt: (长期)困扰。
20. peace accord: 和平协议;broker: 促成协议(或条约等);Camp David: 戴维营,美国总统的休假地,位于美国马里兰州凯托克延山公园内。此处提到的和平协议是指“戴维营协议”,即埃以双方于1978年9月17日在美国总统休假地戴维营达成的关于中东和平的一系列文件,可谓卡特总统生涯的一项巨大成就。
21. freelance: 自由职业的;diplomat: 外交官。
22. Chappaqua: 查巴克,位于纽约郊区的富人区;venture: 冒风险(去某处);deli: 熟食店(指出售干酪、熟肉、色拉、面包等的小店)。
What can he learn from Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush, who likewise walked out of the White House as vigorous middle-aged men?10
The downshift from presidency to post-presidency has bewildered quite a few former White House residents.11 Having lost in a landslide to Ronald Reagan in 1980,12 Jimmy Carter left Washington an unpopular one-term president. When he and Rosalynn returned to Plains, Georgia,13 they found the family peanut business $1 million in debt, and their house in need of repairs. The former first couple spent their first weeks back home hacking away at the overgrowth and making the house habitable.14
The chore was an apt metaphor for Carter’s predicament as, at age 56, he sought a path forward.15“He said, ‘Look, the actuarial tables16 said I’m going to live another 20 to 25 years. I want to stay productive and figure out something else I can do with myself,’” says Phil Wise, a vice president at the Carter Center17.
The particulars of a given presidency also come into play, of course.18 Did he feel satisfied with his legacy, or haunted19 by unfinished business? For his part, Carter sought to build on his greatest presidential triumph, the peace accord he brokered between Israel and Egypt at Camp David.20 To that end, he created the Carter Center, an institution from which he could act as a freelance diplomat and launch further global pursuits.21 Now, in an inevitable cruelty of midlife, his girls say they prefer sleepovers47 with friends to movies with Dad. “They break my heart,” Obama has said. He wore sunglasses to Malia’s graduation from Sidwell Friends School in June,48 so no one would see him cry. The prospect of losing his girls to adulthood, friends say, saddens him more than leaving the White House.49
1. bid: 企图,努力;William Howard Taft: 威廉·霍华德·塔夫特(1857—1930),第27任美国总统,卸任后于1921年被任命为美国首席大法官;muse: 沉思,反复思考。
2. 他提议道,“来一剂氯仿吧”,省得人民“总是担心这个人怎么又回来了”。chloroform: 氯仿,常用作麻醉剂;occupant:(工作、职位等的)占有者,占据者。
3. Twenty-Second Amendment: 美国宪法第二十二修正案,于1951年生效,主要规定了美国总统最多只能连任两届,且不能隔一个任期后再次參选。
4. Barack Obama: 贝拉克·奥巴马(1961— ),第44任美国总统,是美国第一位非裔总统。
5. grant: 给予,准予;pension: 养老金,退休金。
6. George Washington: 乔治·华盛顿(1732—1799),美国国父,第一任美国总统。在两任期满后,华盛顿拒绝竞选连任,并回到弗农山庄园,创办了当时美国最大的一家威士忌酒厂。
7. John Quincy Adams: 约翰·昆西·亚当斯(1767—1848),美国第六任总统,他在1828年竞选连任失败后被选为国会众议员,是唯一一位当选美国众议员的卸任总统;House of Representatives: 美国众议院。
8. 谢天谢地,总算没人采纳他那“来一剂氯仿”的建议。take sb. up on sth.: 接受……的建议。
9. 卸任后的第九年,他被任命为美国最高法院的首席大法官。专门研究总统史的历史学家多丽丝·卡恩斯·古德温说,在这个职位上的十年“可能是他人生中最快乐的十年”。chief justice of the Supreme Court: 美国首席大法官。
10. Jimmy Carter: 吉米·卡特(1924— ),美国第39任总统,卸任后在亚特兰大埃默里大学任名誉教授;Bill Clinton: 比尔·克林顿(1946— ),美国第42任总统,克林顿基金会主席;George W. Bush: 乔治·W. 布什(1946— ),美国第43任总统,人称小布什,以区别于其父老布什总统(第41任美国总统);vigorous: 精力充沛的,充满活力的。
11. downshift: 工作降格,改选闲适生活方式;bewilder: 使迷惑,使迷茫;resident: 住户,这里指美国总统。
12. landslide: 一边倒的胜利,(竞选中)一方选票占压倒性多数;Ronald Reagan: 罗纳德·里根(1911—2004),第40任美国总统,他的演说风格极具魅力,被誉为“伟大的沟通者”。历任总统之中,他的就职年龄最大,也是唯一一位演员出身的总统。
13. Rosalynn: 即罗萨琳·卡特(1927— ),卡特的妻子;Plains:普莱恩斯市(佐治亚州),卡特的家乡。卡特担任佐治亚州州长前,他们夫妇曾在此地种植花生,经商买卖化肥。
14. hack: 劈,砍;overgrowth:(高过头顶的)蔓生植物;habitable: 适宜居住的。
15. 用“披荆斩棘”来比喻卡特的困境再恰当不过了,因为在56岁这个年纪,他找到了一条前进的道路。chore: 令人厌烦的工作;apt: 适当的,恰当的;predicament: 困境,窘况。
16. actuarial table: 保险精算表。
17. Carter Center: 卡特中心,位于美国佐治亚州亚特兰大市,是由卡特夫妇于1982年建立的非营利性组织,主要致力于促进解决国际冲突,推动民主和人权。
18. particulars: [复] 细节,详情;given: 指定的,特定的;come into play: 有影响,发挥作用。
19. haunt: (长期)困扰。
20. peace accord: 和平协议;broker: 促成协议(或条约等);Camp David: 戴维营,美国总统的休假地,位于美国马里兰州凯托克延山公园内。此处提到的和平协议是指“戴维营协议”,即埃以双方于1978年9月17日在美国总统休假地戴维营达成的关于中东和平的一系列文件,可谓卡特总统生涯的一项巨大成就。
21. freelance: 自由职业的;diplomat: 外交官。
22. Chappaqua: 查巴克,位于纽约郊区的富人区;venture: 冒风险(去某处);deli: 熟食店(指出售干酪、熟肉、色拉、面包等的小店)。