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拉曼光谱技术以其“指纹图谱”性、无损检测、灵敏度高、简便快速等独特的技术优势, 在生物大分子、病原微生物检测、肿瘤精准分子诊断等领域展现出良好的应用潜力。该文立足于临床检验应用，简要阐述了拉曼光谱检测的技术原理，从生物大分子、细胞、组织、病原微生物、体液检测等多层次详细介绍了拉曼光谱技术在生物医学应用方面的技术发展及最新研究成果，探讨了临床转化亟需克服的问题及发展前景。“,”Raman spectroscopy, with the unique technical advantages of“fingerprint”, non-destructive testing, high sensitivity, simplicity and speediness, presents with good application potential in the fields of biomacromolecule detection, pathogenic microorganism detection, and accurate molecular diagnosis of tumors. Eyed on applications of this technique in the clinical testing, this article briefly describes the technical principles of Raman spectroscopy, and introduces the technical development and latest research progress of Raman spectroscopy in biomedical applications on the detection of biological macromolecules, cells, tissues, pathogenic microorganisms and body fluid. Meanwhile, the existed problems that need to be overcome in clinical transformation and development prospects are also discussed.