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水氡具有危害性大、潜伏期长、隐蔽性高等特点。为了减少水氡伤害事故的发生,采用鱼刺图与事故树相结合的方法,对水氡致人死亡事故进行了系统分析。首先利用鱼刺图分析出水氡致人死亡事故的主要原因,包括:水氡接触人群、供水源、管理者和环境4个因素。然后将“水氡致人死亡”作为顶上事件编制事故树,分析得到11个底事件,对底事件的结构重要度进行了计算和排序,得到了18个最小割集;在此基础上构建了成功树,分析得到6个最小径集。最后,根据分析结果提出了相应的安全对策措施。
Water radon has great harm, long latency, high hidden features. In order to reduce the incidence of water-borne injury, a systematic analysis of the accident caused by water-radon was carried out by using a combination of fishbone and accident tree. First of all, the main causes of human death caused by radon are analyzed by using the fishbone map, including four factors: water radon exposure to people, water supply, management and environment. Then, “Accidental death caused by water radon” was taken as the top-level incident tree and 11 bottom events were analyzed. The structural importance of the bottom events was calculated and sorted, and 18 minimum cut sets were obtained. Based on this, The success tree was constructed and the 6 smallest pathsets were obtained. Finally, the corresponding safety measures are put forward based on the analysis results.