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基于激光视觉测量原理,采用2台同规格的CCD摄像机实时同步采集了钨极惰性气体保护电弧焊熔池自由表面和背面熔宽动态变化视频图像,利用熔池自由表面三维恢复算法获得熔池三维自由表面形貌,并对不同熔透状态的熔池三维自由表面高度变化与同步采集的背面熔宽变化间的相关性进行了定性分析实验.通过建立理想熔池自由表面,入、反射激光束光学变换及成像屏数学模型,逆向仿真研究了不同熔透状态的熔池表面对反射激光点阵形态的影响规律.结果表明,基于激光视觉法获得的熔池三维自由表面动态变化与焊缝熔透之间具有相关性,当焊缝由未熔透过渡到熔透时,熔池表面由凸形逐渐变为凹形,且塌陷量随背面熔宽的增加而缓慢增大,反射激光点阵行曲率变小,激光点逐渐聚为一点.当过熔透时,背面熔宽增加,熔池表面塌陷量迅速增加,反射激光点阵行曲率反而变大,聚集的激光点阵纵向逐渐被拉开.熔池表面逆向建模仿真结果与实际测量结果基本一致,利用反射激光点阵的形态变化可以表征熔透变化.
Based on the principle of laser vision measurement, two sets of CCD cameras with the same specifications were used to collect the dynamic images of free surface and backside melt width of tungsten inert gas arc welding pool in real time simultaneously. The three-dimensional Free surface topography and qualitative analysis of the correlation between the change of free surface height of molten pool and the change of melt back width of synchronous collection at different penetration states were also made.According to the ideal free surface of molten pool, Optical transformation and the imaging screen mathematical model and reverse simulation were used to study the influence of different penetration states on the shape of the reflected laser spot.The results show that the three-dimensional free surface of the molten pool obtained by the laser vision method and the weld fusion Through the correlation, when the weld transition from infiltration to penetration, the weld pool surface gradually from convex to concave, and the collapse of the back of the melt width increases slowly increasing the reflective laser lattice The curve curvature becomes smaller, the laser point gradually converge to a point.When the penetration, the melt back width increases, the pool surface collapse increased rapidly, the reflected laser spot line line curvature Becomes large, aggregated longitudinal laser dot is gradually opened. Bath surface reverse modeling simulation results and actual measurement results are in agreement, the use of reflected laser light changes in the lattice may be characterized by penetration morphological changes.