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本文立足于马克思主义经济学的分析视角,将工人力量的变化引入对中国经济增长的研究当中,考察了劳资间相对力量变化作用于劳动生产率和利润率的历史经验和理论机制。其中,工人力量对劳动生产率的矛盾关系表现为,抑制工人力量以降低剩余价值生产的不确定性和调动工人主动性推动技术创新之间的矛盾;工人权力对利润率的关系表现为,削弱工人议价力提高利润份额和改善对工人的分配促进剩余价值实现之间的冲突。在中国的改革进程中,剩余劳动力条件、劳动力再生产与就业体制变革共同塑造了工人力量在这一历史时期的变化。参考社会学研究对工人力量类型的划分,本文寻找适当指标构建出工人力量变化的指数。经验分析显示,工人力量的相对下降对中国劳动生产率提升起到了推动作用,也通过工资份额的下降作用于利润率的增长,曾经是中国经济快速增长的重要原因;但是这一作用机制正在受到工人力量上升和全球性生产相对过剩的挑战。当下中国经济的可持续增长不应再复制新自由主义积累体制的“利润修复”路径。
Based on the analysis of Marxist economics, this paper introduces the changes of worker’s power into the study of China’s economic growth and examines the historical experience and theoretical mechanism of the change of relative strength between labor and capital on labor productivity and profit rate. Among them, the contradictory relationship between the worker’s power and labor productivity is the contradiction between restraining the worker’s power in order to reduce the uncertainty of the surplus-value production and mobilizing the workers ’initiative to promote the technological innovation. The relationship between the worker’s power and the profitability is shown as weakening the workers’ Bargaining power increases the share of profits and improves the allocation of workers to promote the conflict between the realization of the surplus value. In the process of China’s reform, the conditions of surplus labor force, labor force reproduction and employment system reform have jointly shaped the changes in the strength of workers in this historical period. With reference to the classification of worker’s power type by sociological research, this paper finds suitable index to construct the index of worker’s power change. Empirical analysis shows that the relative decline in the power of workers has played a catalytic role in raising the labor productivity in China and also has been the reason for the rapid growth of the Chinese economy through the fall in the wage share. However, this mechanism is being affected by workers The rising power and the relative surplus of global production. At present, the sustainable growth of China’s economy should no longer duplicate the “profit recovery” path of the neoliberal accumulation system.