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从1822年宣布独立到本世纪40—50年代,巴西一直是一个农业国。战后,在“进口替代”工业化战略指导下,国民经济取得高速发展,尤其是1968—1974年间国民生产总值年均增长率达到10.1%,被誉为“巴西奇迹”。战后的工业化运动大大改变了巴西的经济结构,由战后初期的一个农业国变成了一个新兴工业国。巴西与许多发展中国家相比,在战后的经济起飞过程中更多地依赖了外国技术。究其原因,首先,这在一定程度上是由巴西具有较高国民生产总值所决定的;其次巴西对外国技术的依赖有其悠久的历史渊源;第三,随着巴西工业化进程的发展,企业所需技术日益复杂,这也迫使企业引进更多的外国技术;最后,也是最重要的,巴西政府重视科技在经济发展过程中的作用,并且在战后明确制定了一系列政策促进科技的发展,尤其是对外国技术的引进。
From the declaration of independence in 1822 to the forties and the forties of this century, Brazil has always been an agricultural country. After the war, under the guidance of the industrial strategy of “import substitution and substitution”, the national economy witnessed rapid development. In particular, the average annual growth rate of gross domestic product in 1968-1974 reached 10.1%, hailed as “a miracle in Brazil.” The postwar industrialization movement has greatly changed Brazil’s economic structure and transformed itself from an agricultural country in the early postwar to a new industrialized country. Compared to many developing countries, Brazil relies more on foreign technology during the post-war economic take-off. The reason is, firstly, that this is partly determined by Brazil’s high GNP; secondly, Brazil’s dependence on foreign technology has its long history; thirdly, as the process of industrialization in Brazil develops, The increasingly complex technologies required by enterprises also force enterprises to introduce more foreign technologies. Lastly, and most importantly, the Brazilian government attaches importance to the role of science and technology in the economic development and has clearly formulated a series of policies to promote science and technology after the war Development, especially the introduction of foreign technology.