一,民族杂居及其分布的成因 我国北方自古以来就居住着许多民族,他们中有的曾经生活在今天北京地区。据史书记载:先秦时期燕北有“逐水草迁徙”的东胡、山戎。山戎活动区域到达燕山一带。汉魏至隋唐时期幽蓟地区居民以汉族为主体,也有乌桓、鲜卑、突厥。女真、蒙古和满族政权都曾以此为都,使这一地区民族成分更为复杂,少数民族人口大幅度增加。民国以来,北京始终是多民族聚居的地区。北京之所以长期形成众多民族杂居的局面,主要有如下的原因: 第一、取决于当地的地理位置与经济条件。北京处于华北大平原的最北端,是中原的北方门户。历史上,中原地区的汉族与北方少数民族之间的矛盾斗争,北京则是民族斗争频繁 I. Ethnic mixed-ups and the causes of their distribution Northern China has lived with many ethnic groups since ancient times, and some of them lived in today’s Beijing area. According to historical records: during the pre-Qin period, there was “Donghu” and “Shanrong” in Yanbei, who “migrated by water.” Shan Rong activities reached Yanshan area. From Han to Wei and Sui and Tang Dynasties, the inhabitants of the Ulysses area were mainly Han people, and Wuhuan, Xianbei and Turks. Both the Jurchen, Mongol and Manchu regimes used this as their capital to make the ethnic composition in this area more complicated and the population of ethnic minorities substantially increase. Since the Republic of China, Beijing has always been a multi-ethnic area. The reason why Beijing has long formed many ethnic groups is mainly due to the following reasons: First, it depends on the local geographical location and economic conditions. Beijing is in the northernmost part of the Great Plains of North China and is the northern gateway to the Central Plains. Historically, the contradiction between the Han nationality in the Central Plains and the northern ethnic minorities in Beijing has been characterized by frequent ethnic struggles