口头演讲和学术论文不同。学术论文是严密的、精确的,但是如果把它拿到会场上去抑扬顿挫地念一通,结果肯定砸锅。其原因就在于学术论文没有现场感,没有交流感,它只是单向地宣示自己的思想成果。演讲却不是单方面地传达自己的思想,而是和听众交流。演讲时讲者和听者的关系不是主动和被动的关系。而是平等交流、 Oral speeches and academic papers are different. The scholarly paper is tight and precise, but if you take it up to the venue and read it aloud, the result is surely to drop the pot. The reason is that there is no sense in the field of academic papers, no sense of exchange, it is only one way to declare their own ideological achievements. Instead of delivering one’s own ideas unilaterally, the speech communicates with the audience. The speaker and listener’s relationship in the speech is not an active and passive relationship. But equal exchange,