一、国家订货的含义、原则和主体在计划经济体制下没有国家订货的概念,也没有国家订货的实践。国家订货作为一种经济手段,在市场经济国家的经济发展中得到广泛运用。特别是1933年世界性经济危机和第二次世界大战后,国家订货在经济生活中的作用大大强化了,并且日益制度化、法律化。实践告诉我们,无论是从国家订货的产生,还是从国家订货的发展、完善看,国家订货都是同市场经济或者是经济市场化联系的概念和活动。市场经济国家在运用国家订货方面虽然已有很久的历史,但对国家订货的解释 First, the meaning of the state order, principles and subjects in the planned economy there is no concept of state orders, there is no practice of the state order. As a kind of economic measure, state orders are widely used in the economic development of market economy countries. Especially after the global economic crisis of 1933 and the Second World War, the role of state orders in economic life has been greatly strengthened and increasingly institutionalized and legalized. Practice tells us that both from the national order, or from the state’s order development and improvement, state orders are the concepts and activities linked with the market economy or the economy. Although market economy countries have long history of using state orders, their explanations of state orders