社会历史是由什么决定的?不同的回答,阐释了不同的历史观。随着启蒙思潮的深入,近代西方世界站在旧哲学的基础上,通过对中世纪“君权神授”历史观的理性化颠倒,产生了近代历史观(本文称之为旧历史观)。这种历史观以抽象人性论为理论根基,把社会理解为孤立个人的集合体。因此,旧历史观关注的主要问题就是个人自由与社会权力的关系问题,并进而形成几种理论表达形式:一是英法思想家以“祛魅”(对非理性的祛除)的方式对世界进行理性分 What determines social history? Different answers explain different views of history. With the deepening of the enlightenment tide, the modern Western world came into being on the basis of the old philosophy and through the rational reversal of the concept of “divine right divine” in the Middle Ages, the concept of modern history (referred to as the “old historical concept” in this article) came into being. This view of history takes the theory of abstract human nature as the theoretical basis and comprehends the society as a collection of isolated individuals. Therefore, the main concern of the old conception of history is the question of the relationship between individual freedom and social power, and then several forms of theoretical expression are formed. First, the British and French thinkers turn the world into a world of “disenchantment” (dispelling irrationality) Make rational points