以中国、俄罗斯及东欧的原社会主义国家为案例,研究由计划经济向市场经济转型中的各种经济问题,说明各国的体制转型曾有一个怎样的起点、将要建立一个什么样模式的新体制、特别是在体制转型中经历的具体道路等问题,是经济转型比较研究的主要问题。中国和俄罗斯虽然都处在从集权 Taking the former socialist countries of China, Russia and Eastern Europe as examples, this paper studies the various economic problems in the transition from a planned economy to a market economy. It shows the starting points for the institutional transformation in various countries and the new system to be established Especially the specific roads they have experienced during the course of institutional transformation, are the major issues in the comparative study of economic restructuring. Although both China and Russia are under centralized power