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【摘要】 目的:分析氨溴索治療新生兒肺炎对患儿炎性介质因子及肺血流指标的影响,旨在为临床诊断及治疗新生儿肺炎的方法提供科学参考。方法:回顾选取本院接诊的新生儿肺炎病例62例,依据用药方案的不同分为两组,常规治疗组30例,实施常规对症治疗;联合治疗组32例,基于常规治疗组,加用氨溴索治疗。比较两组治疗2周后炎症介质指标hs-CRP、TNF-α,IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-6、IL-10与肺血流动力学指标PVR、mPAP、PAWP的表达变化。结果:治疗后,联合治疗组炎性应激因子hs-CRP(2.26±0.81)pg/mL、IFN-γ(24.26±4.19)pg/mL表达均较常规治疗组明显下降,而TNF-α(37.49±6.22)pg/mL表达较常规治疗组明显上升,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,联合治疗组其他炎性因子IL-2(3.21±0.83)pg/mL、IL-6(79.16±11.59)pg/mL、IL-10(4.46±2.28)pg/mL表达均比常规治疗组显著下降,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,联合治疗组肺血流动力学指标mPAP(23.21±10.83) mm Hg、PAWP(8.82±2.84) mm Hg与PVR(1.46±0.76) mm Hg表达水平显著低于常规治疗组,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:盐酸氨溴索注射液应用于新生儿肺炎中可显著改善患儿肺血流动力学和血清炎性因子的表达水平,有较好的治疗意义。
【关键词】 氨溴索; 新生儿肺炎; 炎症介质; 肺血流指标
【Abstract】 Objective:To analyze the effects of Ambroxol on neonatal pneumonia in children with inflammatory mediators and pulmonary blood flow,to provide scientific reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of neonatal pneumonia.Method:62 cases of neonatal pneumonia admitted in our hospital were retrospectively selected.According to the different treatment regimen,they were divided into two groups.30 patients were in the conventional treatment group, they were treated with conventional symptomatic therapy.The combined treatment group of 32 cases,they were taken with Ambroxol treatment based on conventional treatment.The changes of the expression levels of inflammatory mediators hs-CRP,TNF-α,IFN-γ,IL-2,IL-6,IL-10 and pulmonary hemodynamic parameters PVR, mPAP, PAWP of two groups were compared after treatment 2 weeks.Result:After treatment,the expression of inflammatory factors hs-CRP (2.26 ± 0.81) pg/mL and IFN-γ (24.26±4.19) pg/mL in combination treatment group were significantly lower than those in conventional treatment group, while the expression of TNF-α (37.49±6.22) pg/mL in combination treatment group was significantly higher than that of the conventional treatment group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).After treatment,the expression of IL-2 (3.21±0.83) pg/mL,IL-6 (79.16±11.59) pg/mL,IL-10 (4.46±2.28)pg/mL in the combination treatment group decreased significantly than those of conventional treatment group, the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).After treatment,the pulmonary hemodynamic parameters of mPAP (23.21±10.83) mm Hg,PAWP (8.82±2.84) mm Hg and PVR (1.46±0.76) mm Hg expression levels in the combined treatment group were significantly lower than those in the conventional treatment group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Ambroxol hydrochloride injection can significantly improve the pulmonary hemodynamics and the level of serum inflammatory factors in neonates with pneumonia,it has a good therapeutic significance. 【Key words】 Ambroxol; Neonatal pneumonia; Inflammatory mediators; Pulmonary blood flow indicators
First-author’s address:Guicheng Hospital of Nanhai District of Foshan City,Foshan 528200,China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2017.04.021
由于婴幼儿清除外界物质功能差,易诱发肺炎[1-3]。有研究表明,新生儿肺炎易造成心力衰竭、败血症等后果[4]。有研究指出,氨溴索对呼吸窘迫综合症等效果显著[5-7]。也有专家表示,氨溴索可改善新生儿肺炎肝功能,本文研究氨溴索对新生儿肺炎改善情况[8],现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 选取62例本院2013-2015年接诊的新生儿肺炎,(1)纳入标准:①均达到婴幼儿重症肺炎诊断标准;②患儿信息完整,按时按剂量用药[9-10]。(2)排除标准:①合并其他呼吸道疾病;②存在药物过敏[11]。将患儿分为两组,常规治疗组30例,单纯常规治疗,男女婴比19∶11,出生(11.26±2.15)d;联合治疗组32例,给予常规治疗加用氨溴索,男女婴比17∶15,出生(10.94±2.07)d。两组的一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 方法 常规治疗组实施吸痰和给氧处理,联合治疗组基于常规治疗组,加用盐酸氨溴索注射液7.5 mg/(kg·d)(天津药物研究院药业有限公司,国药准字H20051604,批号:121129、140516),分两次使用。
1.3 观察指标 治疗前后比较肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、干扰素-γ(interferon-γ,IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-2(interleukin-2,IL-2)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)和白细胞介素-10(interleukin-10,IL-10),检测超敏C反应蛋白(hypersensitive C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)、平均肺动脉压(Mean pulmonary artery pressure,mPAP)、肺动脉楔压(pulmonary artery wedge pressure,PAWP)与肺血管阻力(Pulmonary Vascular Resistance,PVR)。
1.4 统计学处理 使用SPSS 21.0統计软件进行分析,计量资料采用(x±s)表示,比较采用t检验,计数资料采用 字2检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 两组患儿的应激因子水平比较 治疗前,两组TNF-α、IFN-γ、hs-CRP水平比较差异均无统计学意義(P>0.05);治疗后,两组应激因子水平较治前均显著改善(P<0.05),且联合治疗组hs-CRP、IFN-γ水平显著低于常规治疗组,TNF-α水平显著高于常规治疗组 (P<0.05),见表1。
2.2 两组患儿的其他炎性因子比较 治疗前,两组IL-2、IL-6、IL-10水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组患儿其他炎性因子水平较治疗前均明显改善(P<0.05),且联合治疗组IL-2、IL-6、IL-10显著低于常规治疗组(P<0.05),见表2。
2.3 两组患儿的肺血流指标比较 治疗前,两组mPAP、PAWP与PVR比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,均明显改善(P<0.05),且联合治疗组mPAP、PAWP与PVR比常规治疗组下降明显(P<0.05),见表3。
3 讨论
新生儿肺炎若治疗不及时可引起多器官衰竭[12-14],常规治疗易伤害呼吸系统,引发感染[15-17]。盐酸氨溴索为快速黏液溶解剂,已有医疗中心用于新生儿肺炎,但报道较少[18-20]。本研究发现,联合治疗组炎症介质hs-CRP、TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-6、IL-10和肺血流动力学指标PVR、mPAP与PAWP均改善良好(P<0.05),这可能与氨溴索作用于肺部组织时有良好的特异性和抗氧化作用,促进TNF-α生成,减少炎症介质的释放,维护呼吸系统自净有关。综上所述,氨溴索可显著改善新生儿肺炎炎症介质水平,对患儿肺血流动力学有积极影响。
参考文献
[1]王亮,赵兴,刘翠萍.抗生素联合氨溴索口服溶液在新生儿肺炎治疗中减少抗生素使用时间的研究[J].中国妇幼保健,2014,29(19):3197-3199.
[2] Cernada M,Brugada M,Golombek S,et al.Ventilator-associated pneumonia in neonatal patients:anupdate[J].Neonatology,2014,105(2):98-107.
[3]祝尧生,赵益伟.氨溴索治疗新生儿肺炎疗效的Meta分析[J].中国现代医生,2013,51(3):105-108.
[4]焦皓,齐敦益.氨溴索对小儿体外循环炎症介质和呼吸功能的影响[J].江苏医药,2012,38(8):907-909.
[5] Moscatelli A,Buratti S,Castagnola E,et al.Severe Neonatal Legionella Pneumonia:Full Recovery After Extracorporeal Life Support[J].Pediatrics,2015,136(4):1043-1046. [6]王秀玲,张晔,宋伟,等.静脉滴注联合雾化吸入盐酸氨溴索注射液治疗新生儿肺炎临床疗效的Meta分析[J].实用心脑肺血管病杂志,2015,23(10):6-10.
[7]闫风林,刘亚丽,来庆平.盐酸氨溴索雾化吸入辅助治疗新生儿肺炎临床观察[J].儿科药学杂志,2012,18(5):34-35.
[8] Afjeh S A,Sabzehei M K,Karimi A,et al.Surveillance of ventilator-associated pneumonia in a neonatal intensive care unit: characteristics,risk factors,and outcome[J].Archives of Iranian Medicine,2012,15(9):567-571.
[9]高瑾.吸入布地奈德在治療新生儿肺炎中的临床疗效[J].实用临床医药杂志,2013,17(17):108-109.
[10]段捷华,覃睿.盐酸氨溴索注射液在国内儿科临床的应用进展[J].医学综述,2015,21(8):1438-1440.
[11]赵立明,刘海燕.氨溴索不同给药方式治疗新生儿肺炎临床疗效分析[J].临床肺科杂志,2013,18(6):1135-1136.
[12]孙佩,吕赛丽,李树猛,等.氨溴索联合NPPV对AECOPD气道炎症细胞及血清炎症介质的影响[J].临床肺科杂志,2013,18(4):618-620.
[13]李光才,胡克.氨溴索对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性发作患者呼吸功能及炎性应激的影响[J].海南医学院学报,2014,20(4):480-482.
[14] Tan B,Zhang F,Zhang X,et al.Risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia in the neonatal intensive care unit: a meta-analysis of observational studies[J].European Journal of Pediatrics,2014,173(4):427-434.
[15]胡碧環.盐酸氨溴索联合布地奈德雾化吸入治疗新生儿肺炎临床观察[J].临床医学工程,2014,21(12):1575-1576.
[16]郑大炜.氨溴索对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者血清IFN-γ、IL-8及CRP的影响[J].中国现代医学杂志,2014,24(15):51-53.
[17] Ayd?n B,Zenciro?lu A,Dilli D,et al.Clinical course of community-acquired respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in newborns hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit.[J].Tuberkuloz Ve Toraks,2013,61(3):235-244.
[18]张衍民,贾晓民,赵杰,等.氨溴索对吸入性肺损伤大鼠肺组织PBEF表达的影响及其抗炎作用[J].国际呼吸杂志,2012,32(6):409-412.
[19] Liu J,Liu F,Liu Y,et al.Lung ultrasonography for the diagnosis of severe neonatal pneumonia[J].Chest,2014,146(2):383-388.
[20] Schmidt B J,Hermansen M N.Late debut of neonatal pneumonia caused by Chlamydia trachomatis.[J].Ugeskrift for Laeger,2013,175(175):510-511.
(收稿日期:2016-11-21) (本文编辑:周亚杰)
【关键词】 氨溴索; 新生儿肺炎; 炎症介质; 肺血流指标
【Abstract】 Objective:To analyze the effects of Ambroxol on neonatal pneumonia in children with inflammatory mediators and pulmonary blood flow,to provide scientific reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of neonatal pneumonia.Method:62 cases of neonatal pneumonia admitted in our hospital were retrospectively selected.According to the different treatment regimen,they were divided into two groups.30 patients were in the conventional treatment group, they were treated with conventional symptomatic therapy.The combined treatment group of 32 cases,they were taken with Ambroxol treatment based on conventional treatment.The changes of the expression levels of inflammatory mediators hs-CRP,TNF-α,IFN-γ,IL-2,IL-6,IL-10 and pulmonary hemodynamic parameters PVR, mPAP, PAWP of two groups were compared after treatment 2 weeks.Result:After treatment,the expression of inflammatory factors hs-CRP (2.26 ± 0.81) pg/mL and IFN-γ (24.26±4.19) pg/mL in combination treatment group were significantly lower than those in conventional treatment group, while the expression of TNF-α (37.49±6.22) pg/mL in combination treatment group was significantly higher than that of the conventional treatment group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).After treatment,the expression of IL-2 (3.21±0.83) pg/mL,IL-6 (79.16±11.59) pg/mL,IL-10 (4.46±2.28)pg/mL in the combination treatment group decreased significantly than those of conventional treatment group, the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).After treatment,the pulmonary hemodynamic parameters of mPAP (23.21±10.83) mm Hg,PAWP (8.82±2.84) mm Hg and PVR (1.46±0.76) mm Hg expression levels in the combined treatment group were significantly lower than those in the conventional treatment group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Ambroxol hydrochloride injection can significantly improve the pulmonary hemodynamics and the level of serum inflammatory factors in neonates with pneumonia,it has a good therapeutic significance. 【Key words】 Ambroxol; Neonatal pneumonia; Inflammatory mediators; Pulmonary blood flow indicators
First-author’s address:Guicheng Hospital of Nanhai District of Foshan City,Foshan 528200,China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2017.04.021
由于婴幼儿清除外界物质功能差,易诱发肺炎[1-3]。有研究表明,新生儿肺炎易造成心力衰竭、败血症等后果[4]。有研究指出,氨溴索对呼吸窘迫综合症等效果显著[5-7]。也有专家表示,氨溴索可改善新生儿肺炎肝功能,本文研究氨溴索对新生儿肺炎改善情况[8],现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 选取62例本院2013-2015年接诊的新生儿肺炎,(1)纳入标准:①均达到婴幼儿重症肺炎诊断标准;②患儿信息完整,按时按剂量用药[9-10]。(2)排除标准:①合并其他呼吸道疾病;②存在药物过敏[11]。将患儿分为两组,常规治疗组30例,单纯常规治疗,男女婴比19∶11,出生(11.26±2.15)d;联合治疗组32例,给予常规治疗加用氨溴索,男女婴比17∶15,出生(10.94±2.07)d。两组的一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 方法 常规治疗组实施吸痰和给氧处理,联合治疗组基于常规治疗组,加用盐酸氨溴索注射液7.5 mg/(kg·d)(天津药物研究院药业有限公司,国药准字H20051604,批号:121129、140516),分两次使用。
1.3 观察指标 治疗前后比较肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、干扰素-γ(interferon-γ,IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-2(interleukin-2,IL-2)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)和白细胞介素-10(interleukin-10,IL-10),检测超敏C反应蛋白(hypersensitive C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)、平均肺动脉压(Mean pulmonary artery pressure,mPAP)、肺动脉楔压(pulmonary artery wedge pressure,PAWP)与肺血管阻力(Pulmonary Vascular Resistance,PVR)。
1.4 统计学处理 使用SPSS 21.0統计软件进行分析,计量资料采用(x±s)表示,比较采用t检验,计数资料采用 字2检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 两组患儿的应激因子水平比较 治疗前,两组TNF-α、IFN-γ、hs-CRP水平比较差异均无统计学意義(P>0.05);治疗后,两组应激因子水平较治前均显著改善(P<0.05),且联合治疗组hs-CRP、IFN-γ水平显著低于常规治疗组,TNF-α水平显著高于常规治疗组 (P<0.05),见表1。
2.2 两组患儿的其他炎性因子比较 治疗前,两组IL-2、IL-6、IL-10水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组患儿其他炎性因子水平较治疗前均明显改善(P<0.05),且联合治疗组IL-2、IL-6、IL-10显著低于常规治疗组(P<0.05),见表2。
2.3 两组患儿的肺血流指标比较 治疗前,两组mPAP、PAWP与PVR比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,均明显改善(P<0.05),且联合治疗组mPAP、PAWP与PVR比常规治疗组下降明显(P<0.05),见表3。
3 讨论
新生儿肺炎若治疗不及时可引起多器官衰竭[12-14],常规治疗易伤害呼吸系统,引发感染[15-17]。盐酸氨溴索为快速黏液溶解剂,已有医疗中心用于新生儿肺炎,但报道较少[18-20]。本研究发现,联合治疗组炎症介质hs-CRP、TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-6、IL-10和肺血流动力学指标PVR、mPAP与PAWP均改善良好(P<0.05),这可能与氨溴索作用于肺部组织时有良好的特异性和抗氧化作用,促进TNF-α生成,减少炎症介质的释放,维护呼吸系统自净有关。综上所述,氨溴索可显著改善新生儿肺炎炎症介质水平,对患儿肺血流动力学有积极影响。
参考文献
[1]王亮,赵兴,刘翠萍.抗生素联合氨溴索口服溶液在新生儿肺炎治疗中减少抗生素使用时间的研究[J].中国妇幼保健,2014,29(19):3197-3199.
[2] Cernada M,Brugada M,Golombek S,et al.Ventilator-associated pneumonia in neonatal patients:anupdate[J].Neonatology,2014,105(2):98-107.
[3]祝尧生,赵益伟.氨溴索治疗新生儿肺炎疗效的Meta分析[J].中国现代医生,2013,51(3):105-108.
[4]焦皓,齐敦益.氨溴索对小儿体外循环炎症介质和呼吸功能的影响[J].江苏医药,2012,38(8):907-909.
[5] Moscatelli A,Buratti S,Castagnola E,et al.Severe Neonatal Legionella Pneumonia:Full Recovery After Extracorporeal Life Support[J].Pediatrics,2015,136(4):1043-1046. [6]王秀玲,张晔,宋伟,等.静脉滴注联合雾化吸入盐酸氨溴索注射液治疗新生儿肺炎临床疗效的Meta分析[J].实用心脑肺血管病杂志,2015,23(10):6-10.
[7]闫风林,刘亚丽,来庆平.盐酸氨溴索雾化吸入辅助治疗新生儿肺炎临床观察[J].儿科药学杂志,2012,18(5):34-35.
[8] Afjeh S A,Sabzehei M K,Karimi A,et al.Surveillance of ventilator-associated pneumonia in a neonatal intensive care unit: characteristics,risk factors,and outcome[J].Archives of Iranian Medicine,2012,15(9):567-571.
[9]高瑾.吸入布地奈德在治療新生儿肺炎中的临床疗效[J].实用临床医药杂志,2013,17(17):108-109.
[10]段捷华,覃睿.盐酸氨溴索注射液在国内儿科临床的应用进展[J].医学综述,2015,21(8):1438-1440.
[11]赵立明,刘海燕.氨溴索不同给药方式治疗新生儿肺炎临床疗效分析[J].临床肺科杂志,2013,18(6):1135-1136.
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(收稿日期:2016-11-21) (本文编辑:周亚杰)