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基本权利间接效力理论在法律适用、实践后果、理论逻辑等方面存在诸多缺陷。法律适用上,该理论宣称基本权利仅仅间接适用于私人领域,实质上是在民法概括条款“包装”下的变相直接适用。在实践后果上,该理论将本来约束国家权力的基本权利适用于私人之间,对私人自治构成较大威胁。在理论逻辑上,该理论认为人的尊严的客观价值专属于宪法,忽视了人的尊严乃是整个法律秩序的共同准则。对公私法二元结构的偏离,则是该理论的根本问题所在。引入社会公权力概念,确立基本权利对社会公权力的直接效力理论,是解决基本权利私人间效力问题的有效途径。宪法学研究应当认真对待社会公权力问题。
The theory of indirect effectiveness of basic rights has many defects in the aspects of law application, practical consequence and theoretical logic. In the application of law, the theory declares that the basic rights apply only indirectly to the private sphere, and is essentially the direct application of the disguise under the general provisions of the Civil Law “Packaging.” On the practical consequences, this theory applies the basic rights that originally restrained the state power to private individuals, posing a greater threat to private autonomy. In theoretical logic, the theory holds that the objective value of human dignity is exclusive to the constitution, neglecting human dignity is the common criterion of the entire legal order. The deviation of the dual structure of public and private law is the fundamental problem of this theory. The introduction of the concept of social public power and the establishment of the theory of the direct effect of basic rights on social public power are effective ways to solve the problem of the effectiveness of basic rights in private places. The study of constitutional law should take social public power seriously.