随着产科和新生儿重症监护技术的发展,越来越多的极低和超低出生体重儿得以存活,但由于早产儿脑发育的特点决定了其对缺氧缺血、感染及炎症易感,导致早产儿脑损伤的发病率和病死率增高。脑白质损伤是早产儿脑损伤的首要类型,约占8%～26%[1],可造成小儿神经系统后遗症,如脑瘫、视听功能异常、认知障碍等。超声检查相对便捷、廉价,曾被认为是早产儿脑白质损伤的首选检测手段,但目前越来越多证据表明,磁共振在诊断脑白质损伤及判断预后方面更加精确,更具优势[2-3]。早产儿脑白质损伤在磁共振上表现多样,每一 With the development of obstetric and neonatal intensive care technology, more and more children with very low birth weight and very low birth weight are able to survive, but because of the characteristics of brain development in preterm infants, they are susceptible to hypoxia-ischemia, infection and inflammation , Leading to increased morbidity and mortality in premature infants with brain injury. White matter damage is the primary type of brain injury in preterm infants, accounting for about 8% to 26% [1], can cause neurological disorders in children, such as cerebral palsy, audio-visual dysfunction, cognitive impairment. Ultrasound is relatively easy and inexpensive, and has been considered as the preferred method of detecting white matter damage in preterm infants. However, there is more and more evidence that MRI is more accurate and more advantageous in the diagnosis of white matter damage and prognosis [2- 3]. Premature children with white matter damage in the performance of magnetic resonance varied, each one