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直肠类癌罕见,占直肠所有肿瘤的0.7%～1.3%,约占胃肠道类癌的20%,占全部类癌的10%～17%.类癌“Karzinoide”一词首于1907年提出,1912年首例直肠类癌临床报告.至今世界文献已有1600例直肠类癌报告.直肠类癌常为单发,男女发病相等.50%以上患者在查出此病时无症状,多为40～60岁(1岁～93岁).日本、南亚及其他非白种人发病率较高.直肠多发类癌占直肠类癌的2.0%～4.5%,而直肠类癌合并其他部位原发类癌却很少报告.直肠类癌的恶变率可能较低(5%～40%).患者很少有类癌综合征表现.无症状可能因为分泌非生物活性的激素、或无活性的前激素或只是低水平分泌量.有此综合征表现的病人极少,却有广泛肝转移,而且血与尿测出多种激素.少数病例有肝转移而无类癌综合征.良性肿瘤偶也有表现类癌综合征.少数直肠类癌虽只侵及肌层却也转移至淋巴结,但疾病进展似有一定限度.应认识到这些含两种分泌的肿瘤的独特性,与非典型类癌或偶合外分泌或神经内分泌的肿瘤不同,因前者常有恶性表现.
Rectal carcinoid cancer is rare, accounting for 0.7% to 1.3% of all rectal cancers, accounting for 20% of gastrointestinal carcinoids, and accounting for 10% to 17% of all carcinoids. The carcinoid “Karzinoide” was first proposed in 1907. The first clinical report of rectal carcinoid in 1912. To date there are 1600 reports of rectal carcinoid in the world. Rectal carcinoids are usually single, and the incidence of men and women is equal. More than 50% of patients are asymptomatic when the disease is detected, mostly 40 to 60 years old (1 year to 93 years old). Higher incidence in Japan, South Asia, and other non-whites. Colorectal multiple carcinoids account for 2.0% to 4.5% of rectal carcinoids, while rectal carcinoids are associated with other sites. Carcinoids are rarely reported. The malignant rate of rectal carcinoids may be low (5% to 40%). Patients rarely have the performance of carcinoid syndrome. Asymptomatic may be due to the secretion of non-biologically active hormones, or inactive before Hormones or only low levels of secretion. There are very few patients with this syndrome, but there is extensive liver metastases, and a variety of hormones are detected in blood and urine. A few cases have liver metastases and no carcinoid syndrome. Benign tumors also have The performance of carcinoid syndrome. Although a small number of rectal carcinoid invasion of the muscle layer but also metastasis to lymph nodes, but the disease seems to have a certain degree of progress. Secreted by these tumors comprising two unique, different atypical carcinoid or secretion and an outer coupling or neuroendocrine tumor, because the former often malignant behavior.