矿山建设开发过程中,需要在矿体上方地表兴建一系列工业、民用建筑物和结构物,形成中小型工业区和居民点。由于地质勘探技术水平的限制、地表地形和交通的限制,往往使这些建筑物有意无意地建在矿体之上。沿用最久、最普遍的保护建筑物和自然物免受开采损害的方法是留设保安矿柱。然而,这种方法给采矿工业带来许多严重不利的技术经济后果,造成 In the course of mine construction and development, a series of industrial and civil buildings and structures need to be built above the ore body surface to form small and medium-sized industrial parks and settlements. Due to the limited technical level of geological exploration, surface topography and traffic restrictions often make these buildings built on the ore body intentionally or unintentionally. The oldest and most common method of protecting buildings and natural objects from exploitation is to leave security pillars. However, this approach poses a number of serious adverse technical and economic consequences for the mining industry, resulting in