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一、生态文学及海明威的生态观20世纪70年代美国学者密克尔提出生态文学这一概念。1974年,密克尔出版专著《生存的喜剧:文学的生态学研究》,在这本专著中他提出了“文学的生态学”这一术语,密克尔首次从生态学角度评论文学,探讨文学对“人类与其他物种之间的关系”的揭示。二十世纪中后期,全球环境危机日趋严重,欧美等地便兴起文学批评浪潮,继而生态文学批评浪潮逐渐向世界扩展。生态文学批评的目的在于探索文学与自然环境之间的关系,把生态伦理思想融入文学领域。海明威生态观的形成受其父亲的影响。海明威从很小起就跟随父亲外出打猎、钓鱼、游泳,有很多接近大自然的机会,渐渐变得对大自然极为崇拜。在他
First, the ecological literature and Hemingway’s ecological outlook 1970s American scholar Michel proposed the concept of ecological literature. In 1974, Michel published the monograph The Living Comedy: A Study of the Ecology of Literature, in which he proposed the term “the ecology of literature”. For the first time, Michel commented on literature from the perspective of ecology , To explore the literature on “the relationship between humans and other species ” of the revelation. In the middle and late twentieth century, the global environmental crisis was worsening day by day. The wave of literary criticism began to rise in places like Europe and the United States, and the tide of ecological literary criticism gradually expanded to the world. The purpose of eco-literary criticism is to explore the relationship between literature and the natural environment and to integrate ecological ethics into the field of literature. The formation of Hemingway’s ecological concept is influenced by his father. Hemingway went hunting, fishing and swimming with his father from a very early age. There are many opportunities for getting closer to nature and gradually becoming extremely adored by nature. In him