从1896年发现天然放射性算起,核技术的发展已有近百年的历史。和其他高新技术一样,核技术首先在军事应用中取得成功,而后渐渐转入民用。经过几十年的努力,我国不仅有了自己的核武器,而且还建立起了较为完整的核工业体系并培养了一支高水平的核科技队伍,为核技术的和平利用打下了良好基础。 诚然,两颗原子弹在日本的爆炸给人们留下了难以磨灭的恐怖阴影,以致许多人至今仍“谈核色变”。新闻媒介也往往对核事故做颇欠公允的报道,使许多对核知识缺乏了解的人们产生过多的恐惧心理。实际上,和其他技术一样,核技术既可给人类带来灾难,也可以给人类带来光明和幸福。 本文将简要介绍核技术在国民经济中的应用情况。 一、核能源 据估算,一公斤U~(235),裂变释放的能量相当于2700吨标煤燃烧所产生的能量。一升海水中所含氘的聚变能相当于400升石油燃烧时所产生的能量。因此,开发 Since the discovery of natural radioactivity in 1896, the development of nuclear technology has been nearly a hundred years old. Like other high technologies, nuclear technology was first successful in military applications and then gradually transferred to civilian use. After decades of efforts, our country not only has its own nuclear weapons, but has also established a relatively complete nuclear industry system and trained a high-level nuclear science and technology team, laying a good foundation for the peaceful utilization of nuclear technology. It is true that the explosion of two atomic bombs in Japan has left people with an indelible shadow of terror that many people still “talk about nuclear discoloration.” News media also tend to report unfairly on nuclear accidents, causing too many fears for many who lack knowledge of nuclear knowledge. In fact, like other technologies, nuclear technology can bring disasters to humans and bring brightness and happiness to human beings. This article will briefly introduce the application of nuclear technology in the national economy. First, nuclear energy It is estimated that one kilogram of U ~ (235), fission release energy equivalent to 2700 tons of standard coal combustion energy. The energy of a deuterium contained in a liter of seawater is equivalent to the energy produced by burning 400 liters of oil. Therefore, development