多数病毒家族利用胞吞作为入侵宿主细胞的途径。胞吞既可以介导病毒内化,也可以将病毒运输到复制位点。已知的胞吞途径包括:网格蛋白依赖型内吞、小窝蛋白依赖型内吞、巨胞饮和网格蛋白、小窝蛋白非依赖型内吞。随着对胞吞过程中各组分结构和功能了解的日趋深入,研究胞吞过程以及病毒入侵过程的手段也变得更有效,特异性更高。目前,化学抑制剂的使用仍十分普遍,但该方法常非特异性地阻断细胞某些功能。一些分子抑制方法,如过表达显性负突变体和siRNA技术等,因其对单一途径的特异性阻断,使得应用分子型抑制剂逐渐取代了化学抑制剂。本文主要分析了研究病毒入侵途径时所使用的实验方法,并列举了一些实例。 Most virus families use endocytosis as a pathway to host cells. Endocytosis either mediates the virus’s internalization or transports the virus to the site of replication. Known endocytic pathways include clathrin-dependent endocytosis, caveolin-dependent endocytosis, macropinocytosis and clathrin, caveolin-independent endocytosis. With the understanding of the structure and function of each component in the process of endocytosis deepening, the means of studying the process of endocytosis and virus invasion become more effective and more specific. At present, the use of chemical inhibitors is still very common, but this method often non-specific blocking of certain cell functions. Some molecular inhibitions, such as overexpression of dominant negative mutants and siRNAs, have led to the gradual replacement of chemical inhibitors with molecular inhibitors due to their specific blocking of a single pathway. This article mainly analyzes the experimental methods used when studying the virus invasion pathways and gives some examples.