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主题词是从公文的内容中概括出来的用以揭示公文主题的规范词。主题词不仅要能准确反映主题,更重要的是要对检索查询文件提供方便。 一、如何标引才能对检索有实用价值 这个问题应从公文的立卷谈起。以往,我们要求文书立卷工作要遵循公文形成的自然规律,要按照公文之间的内在联系来编制案卷类目,这样做,为的是有利于文件的保管与查找。案卷类目主要由类别与内容两方面构成。标引主题词的工作,是电子计算机用于公文处理之后产生并发展起来的。标引主题词同样要体现公文类别、内容和文种三个要素,这样才能与手工管理接轨,也便于计算机对公文的检索。所以我们在标引主题词时,应按照这样的程序来进行:首先选出表示公文类别的词,明确区分出“类”的界限,不能互相交叉;然后选用该类内准确概括公文主题内容的词;最后加上文种。比如要标引《关于加强股票市场管理的通知》的主题词,就应先选出“股票市场”表示类别;然后选出“加强”表示专指,强调该公文的主题;再选出“管理”概括内容,并加上文种“通知”。这样,这篇公文的主题词就是:股票市场 加强 管理通知。
Thesaurus is a canonical word that summarizes the content of the official document to reveal the subject of the official document. Keywords not only to accurately reflect the theme, more importantly, to retrieve the query file to provide convenience. First, how to index can retrieve the practical value of this issue should be from the official documents talk about. In the past, we demanded that documents should be rolled out according to the laws of nature formed by the documents, and the categories of documents should be compiled in accordance with the internal relations between documents so as to facilitate the custody and search of documents. File categories mainly by the categories and content of two aspects. The work of indexing keywords is generated and developed after electronic computers are used for document processing. The indexing keywords should also embody the three categories of document type, content and language, so as to be in conformity with manual management and facilitate the retrieval of documents by the computer. Therefore, when we index keywords, we should proceed according to the following procedures: first, we select the words that indicate the categories of the documents, clearly distinguish the boundaries of “categories,” and do not cross each other; Word; finally add the species. For example, to quote the “on the strengthening of the stock market management notice,” the keyword should first select the “stock market” that category; then select “strengthen” means specifically refers to emphasize the theme of the document; re-elected “management ”General content, and with the kind of“ notice. ” In this way, the keynote of this official document is: Notice of Strengthening Stock Management.